漢初の四分暦について

A Study on the sifen 四分 calendar in the early Western Han dynasty

末永 高康

広島大学文学部論集

The Hiroshima University studies, School of Letters

[PISSN] 2436-410X

[NCID] AA12917288

This study uses recently excavated materials to correct errors in my previous theory on the calendar dates in the early Han period, and reports on how much we can now shed light on the sifen calendar in the early Han period.
In conclusion, ① from 206 BC to 203 BC, we can use an extension of the Qin calendar or a retroactive version of the calendar in Zhangjiashan 張家山’s Lipu 暦譜 as the calendar of that time. ② from 202 BC to 186 BC, we can use the calendar in Zhangjiashan’s Lipu. ③ from 185 BC to 171 BC, we can use an extension of the calendar in Zhangjiashan’s Lipu or a retroactive version of the calendar in Shuihudi 睡虎地’s Zhiri 質日 as the calendar of that time. ④ from 170 BC to 157 BC, we can use the calendar in Shuihudi’s Zhiri. ⑤ from 156 BC to 104 BC, if there was no calendar reform during this period, we can use an extension of the calendar in Shuihudi’s Zhiri as the calendar of that time. However, in the periods ①, ③, and ⑤, there is a possibility that the new moon day will be one zodiac sign behind at the beginning of the cycle of the {Taichu 太初 calendar}.
Furthermore, the calendar in Shuihudi’s Zhiri proves that calendars from the Later Yuan period of Emperor Wen onwards (163 BC - 104 BC) do not have a starting point where the new moon day coincides with the solar term, which suggests that sifen calendars before the Taichu calendar may not have a calendar origin where the new moon and the solar term coincided.

四分曆

睡虎地『質日』

胡家草場『曆日』

日本語

広島大学文学部

日本学術振興会

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

[Crossref Funder] https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001691

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