Gamma-ray-induced modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polypropylene solid materials with halogen-containing olefins for X-ray CT image contrast enhancement

Nakaya Toshimi

Katsura Daiji

Kawakami Keigo

Komaguchi Kenji

Adachi Yohei

Tanabe Eishi

Ohshita Joji

Journal of Applied Polymer Science

It is known that X-ray CT of organic polymer materials usually provides low-contrast images because of the low X-ray absorption of these materials. In this paper, we describe a new method to enhance the contrast of X-ray CT images of organic polymer materials. We demonstrate that gamma-ray irradiation of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers in dichloromethane containing 2-bromoethyl methacrylate, 2-chloroethyl methacrylate, or 4-bromostyrene results in the grafting of halogen-containing oligomeric chains onto the PET fibers. Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analyses revealed a homogeneous distribution of bromine atoms within the 2-bromoethyl methacrylate-modified PET fibers, not only on the surface. This uniform incorporation translated to a significant improvement in X-ray CT image contrast compared with pristine fibers. Similar treatment of polypropylene pellets also enhanced the contrast of their X-ray CT images. This is a new simple and effective method to enhance the X-ray CT image contrast and potentially applicable to various polymer materials including polymer composites and porous polymer materials, readily allowing the observation of their 3D microstructures finely.

gamma-ray

polyethylene terephthalate

polymer grafting

polypropylene

solid-state 13C NMR

X-ray CT image

eng

Wiley

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 141(40),e56022, 2024, T. Nakaya, D. Katsura, K. Kawakami, K. Komaguchi, Y. Adachi, E. Tanabe, J. Ohshita, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56022. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.

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[DOI] https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56022 isVersionOf