インド・ウッタラーカンド州におけるセンサス・タウンの増加と空間特性 <研究ノート>

Growth of Census Town and Its Spatial Characteristics in Uttarakhand State of India <Research Note>

陳 林

勝又 悠太朗

蘇 冠東

広島大学現代インド研究 : 空間と社会

Journal of contemporary India studies : space and society, Hiroshima University

近年，インドの都市化におけるセンサス・タウンの重要性が高まっている。本稿は国土周辺部に位置しながらも，デリー首都圏の経済成長の影響を受けているウッタラーカンド州を取り上げ，当州における都市化の進展がセンサス・タウンの成立に果たす役割を明らかにすることを目的とする。当州は，インドの本格的な経済自由化が始まった1991年以前までは緩慢な都市化を経験してきたが，それ以降は都市化が加速している。都市化の進展に伴い，センサス・タウンの増加がみられる。都市人口が急増したのは主に平原地域の3県とナイニータール県であり，都市人口の比率もこの4県で高い。一方，山岳地域の諸県は，近年都市人口の増加がみられるものの，都市人口の比率は依然低い。
当州におけるセンサス・タウンの増加の程度には，地域ごとのばらつきが大きい。平原地域の諸県では，センサス・タウン人口が急増する一方で，山岳地域の諸県ではその増加は少ない。また，当州のセンサス・タウンの多くは平原地域の3県およびナイニータール県に分散的に立地している。そのため，その成立には州都や1級都市への近接性よりも，郡の中心都市，鉄道駅へのアクセスがより重要な要因になっていることが明らかとなった。

In recent years, Census Town has become an important part of India's urbanization. This study aims to explore the role of urbanization in the growth of Census Towns in the state of Uttarakhand, which is one of the peripheral states benefiting from the economic growth of the Delhi metropolitan area. The state has basically experienced a slow level of urbanization, but this trend has progressed since the economic liberalization that was implemented in 1991. The rapid increase in urban population was mainly witnessed in three plain districts and the Nainital district, and the ratio of urban population was also higher compared to that of other districts. In contrast, although the urban population has been increasing, the ratio of urban population in the districts of mountainous regions remains low.
It was also found that the population of Census Towns increased with the progress of urbanization, and there were great variations among regions in the state of Uttarakhand. The population of Census Towns is increasing remarkably in the highly urbanized plain districts but remains scarce in the mountainous districts, except the Nainital district. The ratio of Census Town population to urban population is not necessarily high in the plain districts but has been increasing in recent years. On the one hand, mountainous regions do not have major cities, so the ratio of Census Town population to urban population is relatively high. Moreover, the increase of Census Towns in the state shows a decentralized location in the three plain districts and the Nainital district. Therefore, it became clear that access to local central cities and railway stations was a more important factor than the proximity to state capitals and first class cities with more than 100,000 people. On the other hand, the increase of Census Town population in mountainous regions suggests that the formation of small-scale centers in this area is also progressing.

センサス・タウン

都市化

空間特性

地域格差

ウッタラーカンド

インド

Census Town

urbanization

spatial characteristics

spatial disparity

Uttarakhand State

India

日本語

広島大学現代インド研究センター

Copyright (c) 2020 広島大学現代インド研究センター

[ISSN] 2185-8721

[NCID] AA12523588