Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling regulates cell proliferation, cell survival, and differentiation in regenerating zebrafish fins

Hirose Kentaro

Shiomi Taishi

Hozumi Shunya

Kikuchi Yutaka

BMC Developmental Biology

[Background]:The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway has been implicated in functions of multicellular processes, including cell growth and metabolism. Although recent reports showed that many signaling pathways, including Activin, Bmp, Fgf, sonic hedgehog, Insulin-like growth factor (IGF), Notch, retinoic acid, and Wnt, are implicated in non-mammalian vertebrate regeneration, also known as epimorphic regeneration, mTORC1 function remains unknown.
[Results]:To investigate the role of mTORC1 signaling pathway in zebrafish caudal fin, we examined the activation and function of mTORC1 signaling using an antibody against phosphorylated S6 kinase and a specific inhibitor, rapamycin. mTORC1 signaling is activated in proliferative cells of intra-ray and wound epidermal cells before blastema formation, as well as in proliferative blastema cells, wound epidermal cells, and osteoblasts during regenerative outgrowth. Before blastema formation, proliferation of intra-ray and wound epidermal cells is suppressed, but cell death is not affected by mTORC1 signaling inhibition with rapamycin. Moreover, rapamycin treatment inhibits blastema and wound epidermal cell proliferation and survival during blastema formation and regenerative outgrowth, as well as osteoblast proliferation and differentiation during regenerative outgrowth. We further determined that mTORC1 signaling is regulated through IGF-1 receptor/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and Wnt pathways during fin regeneration.
[Conclusion]:Taken together, our findings reveal that mTORC1 signaling regulates proliferation, survival, and differentiation of intra-ray cells, wound epidermis, blastema cells, and/or osteoblasts in various fin regeneration stages downstream of IGF and Wnt signaling pathways.

Mechanistic target of rapamycin

Fin

Regeneration

Zebrafish

Osteoblast

Cell proliferation

Cell survival

Differentiation

Biology [ 460 ]

eng

BioMed Central

© 2014 Hirose et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

[ISSN] 1471-213X

[DOI] 10.1186/s12861-014-0042-9

[PMID] 25480380

[DOI] https://doi.org/10.1186/s12861-014-0042-9