ヒトの経頭蓋的大脳皮質刺激法 <BRIEF REVIEW>

Transcranial Electric and Magnetic Stimulation in Intact Human Subject

Kasai Tatsuya

Japanese journal of sports sciences

Non-invasive activation of the motor cortical output to limb muscles can now be achieved using brief magnetic and electric stimuli. Some of the properties of these trascranial stimulators and the results obtained with them were reviewed. There have been other reviews dealing with different aspects of the techniques and patients a variety of diseases. The present brief review deals mainly with new findings related to transcranial motor stimulation of intact human during recent decade.

The use of single transcranial electric stimulation to active the underlying motor cortex was first reported by Merton and colleagues(1980). High-voltage stimuli of brief duration (usually 50-100 μs) transiently reduce skull resistance so that electrical stimulation of the underlying cortex is possible. On the other hand, a transient electrical field passing through a coil placed on the skull has been used to generate a magnetic field of sufficient strength (1.5-2.0 Tesla) so that it induced an effective current in the underlying cortex (Barker, et al. 1985). One practical advantage of the magnetic form of stimulation is that it evokes minimal scalp discomfort whereas the electrical stimulator is uncomfortable. However, this potential advantage can sometimes be offset by other factors, including the generally narrower range of normal values obtained with the electrical stimulator. Then, both types of stimulator applied over the skull can excite the motor cortex according to the need.

Sports and physical training [ 780 ]

jpn

日本バイオメカニクス学会

[ISSN] 0286-9322

[NCID] AN00388432