わが国における『生涯スポーツ』概念の実情と学校体育との関連について(IV) : 「教科内容」概念と「学校文化装置」の視点から

A Study on the Relationship between Social Movements of Life-time Sports and School Physical Education in Japan (4)

Matsuoka Shigenobu

Li Jie

日本教科教育学会誌

学校という文化装置に納まり切らないスポーツから「教科内容」を構想出来ないように, 「教科内容」からも, 「国民的共通基礎教養」として機能しないもの, また学校学習の範囲だけで自己完結してしまうものは教科で教える必要もない。だから何よりも教科内容の構成が「国民的共通基礎教養」というか「ミニマムエッセンシャル」というような観点からの評価が必要なのである。また, そうした「ミニマムエッセンシャル」を検討し議論することの中からしか「共通認識」も「実践」への教師の「身構え」も生まれてこない。ここにも「選択制授業」とは相いれない, 教師達の「行為」としての授業創りの第一歩の仕事が格別な「意味」をもってはじまると考えられる。これまでの論述を要約すれば, 以下のようにまとめられる。

1)「身体知」「経験知」を大事にする論理からみれば, これらを「教科内容」論と相即的に考えていく必要性は否定しないが, 出原が試案として提起するように必ずしも教室での「講義」という授業形式が優先的に考えられる論理は成立しない。

2)現実の社会・世界に存在するスポーツや運動の文化を学校という文化装置に引き寄せる論理は, ①教育的正当性, ②地域的価値性, ③日常生活との密着性と考えられる。

3)「教科内容」と「教材」を峻別する論理は二通り考えられ, その統一的原理は, 教師と子ども達に「共通」な「意味」を含んだ「ミニマムエッセンシャル」である。

The school being a cultual fasility has specifically include sports in the "Curriculum Content." Its inclusion could also affect the proper fanctioning of the "Common Basic Education for Citizens."

What is important could be the inclusion of the "Common Basic Education for Citizens" and the "Minimum Essensial" in the structure of the curriculum contents. It could be considers as an important basis of the evaluation that should be undertaken. Also, this "Minimum Essencial" seemingly lack of "Common Cognition" and "Pactice" related to the the "Posture" of the teacher. It could also be started that the "Optional Class System" is inappropriate since the "Action" of the teachers in the class is important. It is one of the first task to be made in order to promote the special "Meaning" that could be though of as the beginning. Based on the aforementioned statements, the main points of this research are summerized as follow:

1) In considering the importance of the pinciple of "Bodyly Knowledge" and "Experirentialism", although the "Corriculum Content" theory and its being incorporated immediately could be consideredto be valuable, the planprepared by Izuhara which suggest the primordial importance of "Lecture" as a teaching method could not be considered as the basis of the organization of the pinciple.

2) In the principle of separating sports and exercise fom school, being a social institution with its existence in the sociaty and the world, it is important to take note of the importance of (1) fairness in education, (2) value to the region, and (3) closeness to the daily life activities.

3) The segregation pinciple of "Corriculum Content" and the "Teaching-Learning Materials" could be classify into 2. However, the "Minimum Essential" could promote the acquistion of the concept of "Commonality" and "Meaning" to the teachers and learners.

Education [ 370 ]

jpn

日本教科教育学会

Copyright (c) 1997 日本教科教育学会

[ISSN] 0288-0334

[NCID] AN00247430