医薬品産業の成長と研究開発機関の立地展開

Growth and Location Change of Pharmaceutical Industry in Japan since 1945

Sato Yuya

広島大学大学院文学研究科論集

The Hiroshima University studies, Graduate School of Letters

This paper examines growth and location change of pharmaceutical R&D laboratories in Japan since 1945.

The date base was Nationwide List of Research Institutes(Zenkoku Shiken-Kenkyukikan Meikan)published 1963(year1962), 1971-72(1970), 1981-82(1980), 1991-92(1990), and 2002-03(2001). And to understand industrial structure used Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare data. The results can be summarized as follows.

It is important for pharmaceutical companies that improve R&D to survive global competition. However before 1975, Japanese pharmaceutical companies did not recognize importance of R&D. In 1975, revised patent law was changed this situation. Japanese government has adopted substance patent. So Japanese pharmaceutical companies could not reverse engineering. After that many Japanese companies began to R&D in-house.

In 1962 and 1970, R&D laboratories were concentrated in the central Tokyo and Osaka. Because of major pharmaceutical companies' headquarter locate in central Tokyo and Osaka and R&D facilities co-locate with headquarter.

In 1980, we could see decentralization of R&D. The number of R&D increased in Toyama, Takaoka, Tokushima and so on. Because of revised patent law in 1975 was effected Japanese companies shift to R&D in-house.

In 1990, have an increased number of R&D facilities in Tsukuba Science City where was launched by the national government to encourage the decentralization of R&D from Tokyo. In 1980s, many foreign companies entry into a Japanese market and global R&D competition was very severe. So Japanese pharmaceutical companies would like to build new and large R&D facilities in nearly Tokyo.

Environment around the R&D in pharmaceutical industries have been changed and location pattern of R&D facilities also changed.

医薬品産業

研究開発機関

産業構造

集積

日本

Medical sciences [ 490 ]

jpn

広島大学大学院文学研究科

[ISSN] 1347-7013

[NCID] AA11643449