中国における牛肉生産と流通構造の現状 : 内蒙古地域の事例を中心に

Beef Production and the Present Distribution Structure in China : The Case of Inner Mongolia

李 文秀

三国 英實

生物生産学研究

Journal of the Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University

中国では、1998年の牛の飼養頭数と牛肉生産量は1.47億頭、580万トンであり、前年度に対してそれぞれ5.0%と7.4%の増加を見せている。このように中国の肉牛産地において牛肉の増産意欲が強まっており、その商品化が展開しつつある。中国は広大な地域において牛肉が生産され、経営形態もさまざまである。中でも、内蒙古自治区は、肉牛・牛肉産地として農作地帯への役畜と素牛の供給地となっており、また、都市への牛肉供給基地として重要な地位を占めている。放牧地域の内蒙古の錫盟においても、改革開放以後の経済体制の変化と市場経済導入のもとで肉牛生産は人民公社主体の経営から生産専業戸と集団経営へと著しく変貌した。畜産インテグレーションによる企業経営も出現しつつある。牛肉の流通機構は単一の国営企業経営形態から国営企業、私営屠場、家畜市場など多様な形態への変化が見られる。しかし、個人経営の屠畜商が増加したことから、品質の低下した牛肉も市場に流入している。国営の屠畜場は大きな負債を植え、食肉産業発展の足かせとなるなどの問題が起こっている。

In China, the number of raising stock of cattle was 147 million and the beef production total was 5.8 million ton in 1998. Compared to the previous year, the number of cattle increased 5% and the production quantity raised by 7.4%. In this way, it is observed that the Chinese beef production is getting stronger trend and the processing industries is developing gradually. There are various shapes of beef production and management systems in China as if is a very big country. The Inner Mongolia has become a place of beef raising with the production of meat and draft animals. It has gained an important status of supplying beef to the towns and cities. In the pastural area of Shimon in Inner Mongolia, the remarkable change occured in beef production due to shift of enterprise from public control to special producers' group and community approaches. This happned afterthe large economic reform and the opening of market economy. Due to the integration process, it is also observed that the animal industries have been developing fast. Thus, recently, the public enterprise, private slaughter house, animal markets, etc. have been developed instead of only government structures and facilities previously. But due to privatization, the private managed products have been observed more in the markets with the increase of lower grade products in the distribution channels. But the state controlled facilities are now heavily indebted and thus, the meat industry development has been irnpedded with other associated problems.

中国内蒙古

牛肉生産

経営形態

産地流通機構

China

Inner Mongolia

Beef production

Management structure

Regional production facilities

畜産業 [ 640 ]

日本語

広島大学生物生産学部

農林水産研究情報センター

[ISSN] 1341-691X

[NCID] AN10409040