NICUに入院した児の母親と正常分娩をした母親の不安・愛着の比較 <報告>

A comparison of the levels of attachment and anxiety between mothers with an infant hospitalized in newborn intensive care units and that delivered an infant with normal labor

Shimoda Aiko

Tobe Kazuyo

Imazeki Setuko

Yokota Masao

日本新生児看護学会誌

Journal of Japan Academy of Neonatal Nursing

本研究は、NICUに入院した児を持つ母親の愛着を明らかにすることを目的とした。対象は、NICUに入院した児を持つ母親55名と正常分娩をした母親85名である。NICUに入院した児を持つ母親には、子どもに2～3回面会した後に、正常分娩をした母親には出産5日目に胎児感情調査用紙・母性意識調査用紙・日本版STAIを1セットにし自記式調査を実施した。日本版STAIによる不安の検討では、NICUに入院した児を持つ母親の特性不安は、普通のレベルに、状態不安は高いレベルに位置しており、正常分娩をした母親よりいずれも有意に高かった。母性意識は、社会理念因子・生きがい因子に分けて得点化し、NICUに入院した児を持つ母親と正常分娩をした児の母親の間で比較したが、いずれにおいても有意な差は認められなかった。対児感情は、接近因子・回避因子に分け得点化し、NICUに入院した児を持つ母親と正常分娩をした母親の間で比較したが、いずれにおいても有意な差は認められなかった。しかし因子間の相関係数を算出したところ、その構造に違いを認めた。NICUに入院した児を持つ母親では、不安の高い母親は社会理念も高く、生きがいの高い母親は児への接近傾向があり回避傾向は低かった。これに対し正常分娩をした母親では、生きがいが高い母親は児への接近傾向も社会理念も高い傾向にあり、逆に回避傾向は低い傾向がみられた。このように、NICUに入院した児を持つ母親と正常分娩をした母親の愛着の構造には違いを認めるため、児のケア(タッチング・カンガルーケア・おむつ交換など)への参加が、NICUに入院した児を持つ母親の生きがいに結びつくよう支援することの重要性が示唆された。

The objectiv of this study was to investigate the attachment that a mother feels her infant when the child is hospitalized in a newborn intensive care unit (NICU) The subjects in this study consisted of 55 mothers with infants in the NICU (NICUgroup) and 85 mothers who delivered an infant during normal labor (normal labor group) A questionnaire on maternal feeings. maternal consciousness and the Japanese version of the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) was distributed to mothers in the NICU group after they had seen their child in the NICU a few times and to mothers in the normal labor group five days after delivery. A statistical analysis of the survey results showed a normal level of trait anxiety and a high level of state anxiety in the NICU group, both significantly higher than in the normal labor group. Maternal consciousness was scored in terms of social awareness and personal fulfillment, no significant differences in either of the two categories were noted between the groups. Maternal feelings was assessed by evaluating feelings of closeness and avoidance, no significant differences in either of these two categories were found between the two groups. Correlations between individual factors, however, differed between the two groups. Mothers in the NICU group with higher anxiety scores also exhibited hibher levels of social awareness. while mothers with higher personal fulfillment scores had stronger feelings of closeness to their infant. In the normal labor group, however, mothers with higher personal fulfillment scores had stronger feelings of closeness to their infant as well as a higer level of social awareness. These differences in the attachment of mothers to their infants between the two groups suggest that appropriate counsellinng should be made available to mothers with infants who have been hospitalized in the NICU, to insure that child care (skin contact. hugging, soothing, changing diapers. etc) enhances their sense of fulfillment.

NICU

母親

愛着

不安

mother

attachment

anxiety

Medical sciences [ 490 ]

jpn

日本新生児看護学会

Copyright (c) 2001 日本新生児看護学会

[ISSN] 1343-9111

[NCID] AA11269499