南インド農村における水利用とコミュニティー : チッカマラリ村を例として

Water Use and Caste Community in a South Indian Village : A Case Study of Chikkamaralli Village

南埜 猛

地誌研年報

Annual Report of Research Center for Regional Geography

水は人間にとって,必要不可欠な存在である。水を得るために人々は,様々な水利施設・道具を作り出してきた。使用される水利施設・道具や水の使用の仕方は,個々の地域性と深くかかわっており,また水利用のあり方にはそれぞれの社会が反映されている。本研究は,水利用の分析を通して,今日のインド農村を明らかにすることを目的とする。調査村のチッカマラリ村は,1978年に広島大学を中心とする調査隊によって調査された村である。また同村の周

The purpose of this paper is to reveal the construction of a caste community in a South Indian village through the analysis of water use in the village. We also try to show the change of the community system and the life of people as comprised with the time that Fujiwara and his research team had surveyed in 1978, 25 years ago and previous sociological studies. The sample village, Chikkamaralli, is a multi jati community village. In this paper, we divided the caste communities into three groups. The division was used as analysis units: the first group consists dominant caste community, the second group, service jatis community, and the third group, Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribe. The results are as follows: 1) Water facilities have been improved owing to the government support. 2) Canal water was important for the domestic water use. 3) The discrimination among the three groups reflects on their water use. Private open-wells were mostly owned by the first group. This shows that the first group was economically superior to the other groups in the village. In water use, especially for drinking water, there was not much difference between the first and the second group, but the third group used water facilities which the other groups did not use. In future, water supply system (water-tank) should become the main water facility in the village. It may reduce the feeling of discrimination among the groups.

General geography. Description and travel [ 290 ]

eng

広島大学総合地誌研究資料センター

[ISSN] 0915-5449

[NCID] AN10199141