現代インド繊維・アパレル産業における輸出企業の立地特性 : アパレル輸出振興会の会員を対象に<研究ノート>

本稿は，インド最大規模の繊維・アパレル製品輸出振興組織であるアパレル輸出振興会（AEPC）の会員7,935社を対象に，同産業における輸出企業の立地特性を明らかにした。AEPC会員の内訳は製造輸出企業59.1％，輸出商企業40.4％，輸出商兼製造輸出企業0.5％である。製造輸出企業と輸出商兼製造輸出企業はデリー首都圏やタミル・ナードゥ州などにおいて広域的に立地する一方，輸出商企業はムンバイーなどの大都市への立地を指向していた。年次工業調査（ASI）の結果を用いて繊維・アパレル工場とAEPC の製造輸出企業の立地を比較したところ，グジャラートやアーンドラ・プラデーシュでAEPC の製造企業が相対的に少なかった。自動車産業やICTサービス産業と比較すると，AEPCの製造企業は，紡績やニット製品など様々な工程を担う複数の産地が立地するタミル・ナードゥ州西部に集中している点がこれらの他産業とは大きく異なる。

This study explained the locational characteristics of export companies in the Indian textile and apparel industry; this was achieved by assessing 7,935 members of the Apparel Export Promotion Association (AEPC), which is India’ s largest textile and apparel export promotion organization. Among the AEPC members, 59.1% were manufacturer exporters, 40.4% merchant exporters, and 0.5% merchant-cum-manufacturer exporters. While manufacturer exporters and merchant-cum-manufacturer exporters are located in a wider area around NCT-Delhi and Tamil Nadu, merchant exporters tend to be located in large cities such as Mumbai. Next, using the results of the Annual Survey of Industries, we compared the locations of textile and apparel factories in the formal sector with those of AEPC members. Consequently, it was clear that relatively few manufacturer exporters of AEPC were based in Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh. Furthermore, compared to other industries such as the automotive and ICT service industry, AEPC manufacturer exporters are significantly different; this is because they are concentrated in the western part of Tamil Nadu, where multiple production areas, for various processes such as spinning and knit apparel, are located.