ロヒンギャ難民のミャンマーにおける経験 : バングラデシュナヤパラキャンプにおけるインタビューをもとに <論説>

本稿は，バングラデシュに暮らすロヒンギャ難民へのインタビューにより，これまで十分に明らかにされてこなかった，ビルマにおける彼・彼女らの生活実態や他の社会集団との関係を明らかにした。ロヒンギャ難民の教育水準は概して低いが，裕福な者もみられた。また，彼・彼女らは恒常的な迫害にさらされていたが，地域によってはヒンドゥーやラカイン族（仏教徒）との関係が良好であったことがきかれた。しかし，2016年10月のロヒンギャの武装勢力による治安当局への襲撃以降，ロヒンギャに対する迫害や規制が強められ，他社会集団との間の関係が悪化した。2017年8月の国軍が主導するロヒンギャに対する虐殺には一部のラカイン族も加担し，宗教を軸とした対立の構図が際立つ形となった。しかし，ロヒンギャ難民のビルマにおける経験を踏まえると，ロヒンギャをめぐる問題において宗教間対立や経済的な要因を強調する見方は問題を孕んでいる。

This study explores the socioeconomic backgrounds and intercommunal relationships of Rohingya refugees in Myanmar, which have been insufficiently surveyed or documented. Interviews were conducted with members of 47 Rohingya refugee households in Bangladesh. Nearly all the Rohingya refugees had little or no education. Conversely, several wealthy interviewees were also included. While they suffered from constant daily persecution, the relationships between the Rohingya people, Hindus, and Rakhine Buddhists remained relatively amicable in some villages. However, such intercommunal relationships have deteriorated since the October 2016 attack on security authorities by the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army, which led to an increase in more severe persecution and restrictions against the Rohingya people. They were indiscriminately assaulted in a crackdown led by the Burmese Army, with the involvement of some Rakhine Buddhists in August 2017. These incidents are likely to have resulted in intensified religious conflict between the Rohingya people and Buddhists. However, I argue that emphasizing religious conflict and economic factors in the approach to the issue faced by Rohingya is problematic, based on the aforementioned experiences of Rohingya refugees in Myanmar.