地域社会の変容と交通機能 : 荒山駅家から「世能宿」への始動

(A) This paper examines the history and outline of Arayama Umaya, a post station in the ancient San’yōdō located in the eastern part of Aki District. Due to a lack of historical documents, the actual image of this post station cannot be verified. However, it is evident that this post station was initially managed directly by Aki Kokuga (Aki provincial government) since there is no ‘Go’－ a minimum unit in the ritsuryō provincial administrative system － of the people mainly responsible for its operation in the neighborhood.
(B) After the civil wars of the Jisho and Juei eras at the end of the Heian period, the land and people of this post station were integrated into the Seno Arayama Shō (private estate) and administered by the Ozuki clan, who were efficient officials of the Imperial Court. Consequently, the residents of Arayama village were tasked with ‘kugō’ and ‘teisō’ － supply and transportation － for court envoys traveling on the San’yōdō and for envoys sent from the Ozuki clan to the estate. They were responsible for providing lodging, food, and transporting their luggage.
(C) However, the jitōdai, who directly governed this estate, attempted to expand the power of the jitō side within the estate by assigning these tasks to the emerging farmers of the neighboring village of Kamiseno. On the other hand, these farmers demanded the self-governance of their “Ichikichi beppu,” one of the administrative units of the estate, or “beppu,” which were allowed to operate independently in exchange for payment of a certain amount of taxes.
(D) Due to the differences in the way of thinking about estate management in the Seno River basin, a conflict arose between the jitō side and the people who cultivated the ‘Ichikichi-beppu’ in Kamiseno Village. In the mid-13th century, the villagers’ claim was recognized by the Imperial Court and the Kamakura Shogunate. As a result, the transportation hub of the area shifted from Arayama Village to ‘Ichikichi-beppu’ in Kamiseno Village.
(E) This paper demonstrates that the change was not only due to the agricultural activities and transportation maintenance of the people in the Seno River basin, but also due to the active cooperation of the priests of the Itsukushima Shrine, which was gaining power in Aki Province, based on ancient documents produced and transmitted in the 13th century