This paper examines methodological issues in research on India’s spatial structure and seeks to offer a perspective on the new economic space emerging in India, focusing on the mega-region concept. First, the author studied the research methodology behind important studies investigating the spatial structure and regional developments in China and India, then examined Yada’s regional structure theory, based on which a conceptual framework is constructed for understanding modern India’s spatial structure, which must be approached using both the regional composition model and the core-periphery model. In particular, from a mega-regional perspective, it is necessary to focus on the role that clusters in the latter model play in the economy of modern India.