The aim of this paper is to consider what professional competencies are required of municipal superintendents, and what in - service training for them should be done, using the interview method. As a result of these considerations, the main points are clarified as follows; 1) it is confirmed that both the educational guidance competencies and administrative competencies are indispensable, as might be expected. It is also worthwile noting that ability of educational visions - setting is pointed out as one of most important competencies professionally required of superintendency. This is very interesting in terms of the value leadership being paid much attention recently. 2) It is clarified which professional competencies are required of superintendents is contingent on the superintendent's work environment. It is also noticeable that this is congruent with the contingency theory of leadership. 3) Both superintendents, originally from the teaching profession, and superintendents, originally from public administration and business management, seem to have their own unique administrative behaviors respectively. 4) the need for in - service training of superintendents seems to be strong, especially on the part of superintendents originally from public administration and business management. They desire to receive in - service training about educational matters rather than administrative matters.