The purposes of the present study were (1) to analyze the types and characteristics of identity formation from the view points of future planning, commiment to vocation, marriage, and child-rearing, (2) to investigate the relationship among these identity-formation types above and the level of identity achievement, sex-role, and psychological well-being, and (3) to discuss the differences of the characteristics of identity formation between Japanese and Chinese adolescents in comparison with these data.
The data was obtained through questionnaire distributed to 312 university girl students (176 from Hiroshima University, and 136 from Beijing Normal University).
Main results were the followings:
1. 65% of the subjects were evaluated as "Identity Achiever", and the importance of vocation for identity achievement was well recognized by both Japanese and Chinese students.
2. Japanese students considered that marriage and child-rearing were more important for their identity than Chinese students. It was suggested that there was the difference of the concepts of "independence" between Japan and China.
3. There was no differences in the level of identity achievement, but Chinese women showed higher scores on masculinity, femininity and humanity than Japanese women. These result suggested that Chinese women experienced less conflicts between personal identity and gender identity.