Lu Xiang Shan (陸象山) regarded "Xin (心)" as perfect and sole reality. The essence of his study is to establish the subjectivity of "Xin (心)".

In this treatise we will: first consider the meaning of Lu Xiang Shan's "Xin (心)" and "Ben Xin (本心)," and next make clear the condition of "Zi li (自立)" which establishes the subjectivity of "Xin (心)."