The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between personality and exercise experience. Personality traits were investigated using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), which was developed on the basis of the five-factor model of personality. Another questionnaire was used to investigate exercise experience, including periods of exercise, exercise time per week, and competition performance in elementary school, junior high school, high school, and university. The answer to the questionnaires, collected from 392 university students (M=158, F=234), were analyzed for each of the five factors and 30 subcategories of NEO-PI-R using a stepwise multiple regression analysis with exercise experience factors as explanatory variables. The results showed that extraversion and conscientiousness factors and their subcategories were positively predicted by exercise experience variables regardless of sex, although neuroticism was negatively predicted by exercise experience variables in males. The subcategories of openness and agreeableness factors were predicted by exercise experience variables in both males and females, although some subcategories of openness had negative relationships with competition performance. An overall view of the analysis suggested that length of experience and competition performance were closely related to personality factors and subcategories in males, while the average amount of exercise and competition performance were closely related to personality variables in females. In addition, although there were many statistically significant relationships between personality and exercise experience variables, the coefficient of multiple determination (R2) varied between .014 and .099, suggesting that the explanatory rates of exercise experience variables for personality did not exceed 10%.