This study examined the mediation effects of group members’ identity for the relationship between the group situation and their leadership preference. We focused on two dimensions of leadership: individualized – deindividualized, and task oriented - relational oriented. We hypothesized that members’ collective identity may be salient in the intergroup comparison situation (H1), relational identity may be salient in the intragroup cooperation situation (H2), and individual identity may be salient in the intragroup comparison situation (H3). And we hypothesized that the member with salient individual identity may not need any leader (H4), the members with salient relational identity may prefer to an individualized relational oriented leader (H5), and the members with salient collective identity may prefer to a deindividualized task oriented leader (H6). In study 1, the results of a laboratory experiment showed the support to hypothesis 1-3. In study 2, although hypothesis 4 was not able to examined, hypothesis 5 and 6 were partially supported from the results of investigation. Finally, contributions and limits of this study were discussed.

本論文は，第1著者が広島大学大学院総合科学研究科に提出した2008年度修士論文の一部に加筆・修正を行ったものである。
また，本研究は第2著者を研究代表者とする日本学術振興会科学研究費補助金（基盤研究C）の助成を受けて行われた。