Japan is experiencing a decrease in the productive-age population. Women’s social advancement is needed to fill the shortage of workers. However, a number of challenges faced by working women mean that are less likely to hold senior or managerial positions. The current study investigated the view of female university students about their future career and work-life balance. We administrated a questionnaire to female university students. The findings indicated a high level of willingness to works, and a desire undertake managerial position. In contract, perceived obstacles to women’s social advancement are overtime work, holiday work, a lack of understanding about other working women, balance work with family life, tasks associated with child rearing, and the importance of personal life. Eliminating these obstacles by promoting, work-life balance and enabling working women’s access to challenging work can contribute to women’s social advancement in Japan.