The phylogenetic affiliation and physiological characteristics (e.g., Ks and maximum specific growth rate [µmax]) of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacterium, “Candidatus Scalindua sp.,” enriched from the marine sediment of Hiroshima Bay, Japan, were investigated. “Candidatus Scalindua sp.” exhibits higher affinity for nitrite and a lower growth rate and yield than the known anammox species.

This research was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, by JSPS Fellows (T.A.) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), and by Core Research of Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST).