Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements have been carried out to investigate density fluctuations near the critical point of expanded fluid Se. The experiments were performed using a polycrystalline sapphire cell of our design and a high pressure vessel. The vessel has a diamond window for an incident X-ray beam and a Be window for the scattered beams. The absolute scattering intensity was deduced from the measurements on the He gas used as the pressure transmitting medium. The pressure variation of the SAXS intensity for fluid Se at 1630°C shows a maximum intensity at 401 bar just below the isochor of the critical density. This is the first observation of critical scattering for fluid Se and a correlation length of 19 ± 3 Å was obtained from an Ornstein–Zernike plot.