The present state of traditional Mongol folk-music classes at the Inner Mongolian Academy of the Arts is explored and the influence on Mongolian students’ sense of ethnic identity is considered from the study of traditional Mongolian music. As a result of these considerations and analysis of the curriculum, four new required courses have been introduced, which deal with the history of Mongolian folk music and provide a general theory of Mongolian traditional music. These new classes have become important constituents of the educational curriculum dealing with the transmission of ethnic musical traditions. Interviews and questionnaires have shown that the students’ awareness of their ethnic identity has been strengthened through the transmission of traditional music.