Techniques for enhancing the biodegradation of oil-contaminated fine soils in a slurry-phase bioreactor were investigated. Using a model system consisting of kaolin particles containing adsorbed n-dodecane as a diesel fuel surrogate, we investigated how increasing the temperature and adding a surfactant and various hydrophobic support media affected the biodegradation rate of n-dodecane. Increasing the temperature from 25 to 35°C decreased the time required for complete degradation of n-dodecane by 30%, from 110 h to 80 h. Addition of the surfactant polyethylene glycol p-1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylphenyl ether decreased the degradation time to less than 48 h at 35°C, although a high concentration of the surfactant (3000 mg l-1) was required. We suspect that the surfactant increased the degradation rate by solubilizing the n-dodecane into the solution phase in which the microorganisms were suspended. We tested five types of organic polymers as support media for the microorganisms and found that the biodegradation time could be reduced by approximately 50% with a support medium made from polyurethane; in the presence of this medium, only 36 h was required for complete decomposition at 35°C. The reduction in the degradation time was probably due to transfer of the n-dodecane from the soil to the support medium, which improved contact between the n-dodecane and the microorganisms. The polyurethane support medium bearing the microorganisms was stable and could be reused.