広島大学学術情報リポジトリ HIR 新着情報

共観福音書における「空の墓」物語の編集史的研究

Wed, 08 Feb 2012 +0900

溝田, 悟士 ; (20100325) ; 2009年度日本基督教学会近畿支部会研究発表資料; 開催地:神戸松蔭女子学院大学 ; 開催日:2010年3月25日

What is the socially desirable formation of environmental R&D?

Tue, 07 Feb 2012 +0900

Ouchida, Yasunori , Goto, Daisaku ; IDEC DP2 Series Vol.2 no.6 page.[1]-18 (201202) ; This paper presents an examination of the socially desirable formation of environmental R&D in Cournot duopoly in a setting where a regulator has no precommitment ability for an emissions tax. The results reveal that if environmental damage is sufficiently small, alternatively if there is severe environmental damage and large inefficiency in environmental R&D costs, then environmental research joint venture (ERJV) cartelization is socially desirable. However, if environmental damage is sufficiently extensive, and if a firms environmental R&D costs are sufficiently limited, then, in contrast to previous studies, environmental R&D competition is socially more desirable than environmental R&D cartelization and ERJV cartelization, although R&D competition is the case of “NO information sharing" and “NO R&D coordination."

New Light on the Mutual Omission of Mark 14:51-52 in Matthew and Luke

Mon, 06 Feb 2012 +0900

Mizota, Satoshi ; Discussion Paper

Dubin s LivesにおけるBernardMalamudの失われた人生

Fri, 03 Feb 2012 +0900

新田, 玲子 ; 広島大学文学部紀要 : Thu Hiroshima University Studies Faculty of Letters Vol.59 page.130-145 (19991228) ; Even before it was published, Bernard Malamud revealed that he had been very ambitious in creating Dubins Lives. This novel, however, suffers from many defects and discrepancies caused by the authors attempts to attain a new way of living more suitable to the society after the 1960s. , Malamud was fundamentally a moralist and believed in the discipline with which he attained his own success through the Depression and the World War ll. As an established writer, however, he had to face the society after the 1960s, which was less restricted by genteel traditions but entertained more material affluence, sexual freedom, and sexual and racial equality. Though he does not reject all the new tendencies, Malamud was not flexible enough to accept easily the way of life of the new society. This limitation is reflected in the contradictions between the plot and characterization, the inappropriate allegorical structure to contrast moral requirements and sexual and emotional requirements, Dubins well-off but failing heroic character and the role of the daughters, who repeat their fathers defects instead of enlarging his life with their own merits as the sons in the earlier works of Malamud did. , After all, as a good conscientious novelist Malamud tried to create a new way of living with the new standards. It was because of his conscientious nature, however, that he could not learn much from the new free society so that he failed not only in maintaining his old good moral way of living but also in creating a new way.

『フラニーとズーイー』論 : 愛ゆえの虚偽

Fri, 03 Feb 2012 +0900

新田, 玲子 ; 中・四国アメリカ文学研究 : Studies in American Literature no.30 page.72-80 (19940601) ; In 1961, "Franny" (1955) and "Zooey" (1957) were published as a complete book, Franny and Zooey. Understanding that "Franny" presents the conflict between the spiritual integrity and the real material world, and that "Zooey" advocates philanthropic love to overcome the conflict. most critics denounce the book, criticizing Zooeys solution for being conceited and unreal. Though at the end Franny seems to recover from the breakdown, listening to Zooey identifying Seymours "Fat Lady" with Christ and emphasizing the importance of accepting the people and the world as they are, this ending love message is neither Salingers solution nor the theme of the book. All through the book. it is clearly shown that Zooey shares Frannys problems and will continue to suffer from them in the future, and that these problems are actually rooted in philanthropic love itself. , The book also tells that in spite of their common learning of Seymours high spiritual ideals, there are some differences between Franny and Zooey. Zooey has a severe uncompromising eye and is strong enough to stand the pain caused by disillusion in the real world. Contrarily, being sweet and gentle, Franny is more easily affected by appearances and cannot accept ugliness or severity by nature. From the outset, Zooey regards her naive antipathy toward the ugly reality as her weakness and tries to change her attitudes. Later, however, he drives her into deeper despair with his sincere efforts and realizes that without accepting her naivete, he can never help her out of the breakdown. , At the end of the book, when Zooey quotes Seymours words. he resorts to Seymours magical effect in order to remind her of something nice in the real world. Zooey well knows that philanthropic love conveyed through the image of "the Fat Lady" is phony. Still, this phony love is what Franny really needs to regain the confidence in the real world, and is the only true love Zooey can offer to his sister.

Paul AusterのThe Invention of Solitudeにおける新しいユダヤ性 : 普遍性とのせめぎ合いから

Fri, 03 Feb 2012 +0900

新田, 玲子 ; アメリカ・エスニック文学研究 : 広島大学アメリカ・エスニック文学・プロジェクト研究センター研究成果報告書 : Hiroshima Studies in American Ethnic Literature no.4 page.15-26 (20080321)

二人の「若者」はどこに消えたのか : 共観福音書のテクスト依存関係に関する研究

Fri, 03 Feb 2012 +0900

溝田, 悟士 ; (20120201) ; 平成23年度学位論文(課程博士)審査会発表資料

Pictures of Fidelmanにおけるフイデルマンの壊れた像

Fri, 03 Feb 2012 +0900

新田, 玲子 ; 中・四国アメリカ文学研究 : Studies in American Literature no.26 page.67-75 (19900601) ; Bernard Malamud regards his seventh book, Pictures of Fidelman, as a novel. Though five of the six stories were first published in various magazines as short stories, and each has its own plot and uses its own material, background, and style, Malamud apparently made efforts to unite the six stories by using an overall plot of degradation, atonement, and redemption. This design is reflected in the appearances of Susskind, whose important role in the book is to act as a mental guide for Fidelman, and also in the surrealistic quality of the styles to indicate the breakdown of Fidelmans moral responsibility to the society. , Unfortunately, however, the stories contradict each other on a deeper level. In the first three stories, both Fidelman and the author treat reality and art on an equal and correlative basis, and the author does not definitely show the limitations of Fidelmans ability of either art or life. When Fidelman learns a better life as a man, he produces a better art, so that there are possibilities for Fidelman to achieve the best of art, by way of achieving the best of life. These first three stories also seem to require Fidelman to give up physical and material joys for moral perfection. That is because the people who guide Fidelman in these stories are so ambivalent that Fidelman turns out to be a sucker, a schlemiel, when he takes their advice. The more he gains morally, the more he loses materially ; and it is apparent that the author does not allow Fidelman to accept an easy life with the common sense to survive, but demands that he keep up with the high ideal to challenge the limitations of human beings for mental fulfillment. , In the latter three stories, on the other hand, Fidelman disagrees with the author and thinks art is not life. He gives priority to art and sacrifices everything to paint a good picture, while the author defines Fidelmans limitations as an artist and asks him to give up his artistic ambition in order to attain a better life as a man. There is no possibility that Fidelman can become a good artist as well as a good man. It is also clear that if Fidelman learns how to live, he is no longer a schlemiel but a decent man, because the moral people who guide him in these latter stories know how to enjoy life physically and materially as well as mentally and spiritually. In these latter stories, therefore, the author accepts the limitations of life. And here, hard efforts to overcome limitations are regarded as the futile zeal of the fool. , The discrepancies between the first three stories and the second three stories indicate changes in the authors attitudes towards life. They are such serious changes, and split the character of Fidelman so widely, that though Malamud wanted the book to be a novelistic whole, and though some stories are excellent, Pictures of Fidelman is a failure as a united work.

1960年代における〈反戦作品〉としてのSlaughterhouse-Five

Fri, 03 Feb 2012 +0900

新田, 玲子 ; 広島大学文学部紀要 : Thu Hiroshima University Studies Faculty of Letters Vol.58 page.177-196 (19981225) ; Slaughterhouse-Five consists of two stories. The main story is about Billy Pilgrim and his memory of the war. It deals with such unrealistic elements as a kind of time warp and extraterrestrials and their four dimensional points of view. These science fictional elements are actually the lies which Billy uses to reduce what Leon Festinger, the social-psychologist, calls "cognitive-dissonance," so that he manages to recollect the war and the air raid on Dresden. This is an indirect way to depict the war and the air raid on Dresden but Vonnegut is very successful in driving the appalling tragedy home to the readers in the 60s. Still, because Billy depends on lies to reduce "cognitive-dissonance," he is too weak to fight against wars in order to protect peace. This is why Vonnegut had to create the other story about the writer who wrote Billys story, to supply the anti-war attitudes and complement Billys story. , Discussing such literary techniques as the above, this paper considers how well Slaughterhouse-Five functions as "an anti-war book." It further considers the effects of the Vietnam War on the novel, and a comparison of the novel with other novels on war such as The Naked and the Dead, IF I Die in a Combat Zone, and Catch-22, clarifies what the characteristic features of "an anti-war book" in the 60s are.

『九つの物語』に現れる三人の特殊な人物を考えて

Fri, 03 Feb 2012 +0900

新田, 玲子 ; 中・四国アメリカ文学研究 : Studies in American Literature no.24 page.92-100 (19880601) ; There are three characters in J.D. Salingers Nine Stories more marvelous than any of the premature or even more sophisticated characters in his other works. They are Seymour Glass in "A Perfect Day for Bananafish," the Laughing Man, the hero of John Gedsudskis story in "The Laughing Man," and Teddy in the short story of that name. Their distinction is marked by a talent to see more than other human beings are allowed and by their choice of death. This thesis discusses the connection between their miraculous talent and their death, taking into consideration their relationship to society and to the people around them. , In "A Perfect Day for Bananafish," Seymours wife and mother-in-law are depicted in a critical and harsh tone, while Seymour himself reserves his critical comments against them. His story of banana fish, which gives the story its title, shows that Seymour is abnormal and that he is to blame for his own death. The inconsistency between the characterization and the thematic meaning of bananafish, however, is not observed in "The Laughing Man." The narrator of the story can see things both from the ideal side, represented by the Laughing Man, and from the realistic one, represented by Mary Hudson. The narrator can sympathize with the both sides and realizes the conflict between them by perceiving John Gedsudskis inability to stay as the Comanches leader. "Teddy" tries to solve the conflict faced by the narrator of "The Laughing Man" from the transcendental view, Teddy ignores, however, all human feelings, which we cannot neglect. What is worse, we can never completely believe, like Teddy, in the world beyond death. And, if we could, it is in this present world that we are living and need solutions. In the end, "Teddy" only indicates the direction in which to seek for a solution. , As Salinger observes, these three miraculous characters cannot keep up with the society, and so he lets them die to show that even our full commitment to them will not solve the problems of this world. Still, by making Seymours and the Laughing Mans deaths sad, Salinger also intimates that we cannot live a full life without following their life styles. These conflicting attitudes coexist more and more explicitly in Salingers later works, along with his aversion to American middle class materialism and his admiration to their energy to survive. As a result, what Salinger offers to his readers is a most difficult and sad way of life, much like the narrator of "The Laughing Man." But it is at least an honest and sincere way of living, and many of his young readers seem to sympathize more with this awkward way of living rather than some other clever or bold way, which is after all only a superficial and compromising solution to their predicaments.

『魔法の樽』試論 : 主題における螺旋上昇の構造

Fri, 03 Feb 2012 +0900

新田, 玲子 ; 中・四国アメリカ文学研究 : Studies in American Literature no.19 page.48-59 (19830620) ; Bernard Malamud carefully arranged the thirteen stories of The Magic Barrel in their present order. The arrangement depends neither on chronological order nor on the kinds of settings and characters in the stories. Ultimately, only the study of the contents discloses Malamuds intentions in the arrangement. , The contents of the stories reveal an arrangement in which there is a certain structure with an axial line. The axial line is Malamuds ideal human relationship. Though each book uses different words for it, such as "sympathy," "love," "trust," "responsibility," the basic idea is that a man has to sympathize with other peoples sufferings, share with them whatever little he has, and suffer and live together with them. The man who can practice this ideal relationship is often regarded as "a Jew," a word which Malamud uses symbolically, in accord with the general tendency in the States, after the Holocaust, to consider the Jews as moral men who have suffered. , According to the idea of "a Jew," the stories are divided into four groups. In the first four stories ("The First Seven Years," "The Mourners," "The Girl of My Dreams" and "Angel Levine"), the heroes learn how to be "a Jew," but the brightness, purity and relief at the end of the stories soften unnecessarily the harshness and severity of life as "a Jew." Therefore, though the heroes seem to be rescued, they reach a stage generally and optimistically believed to be a heaven, which is, in fact, only a pseudo-heaven for Malamud. The second group of four stories ("Behold the Key," "Take Pity," "The Prison" and "The Lady of the Lake") are free from fair illusions of heaven but their heroes do not learn to stand up to the severity of the real world as "a Jew" and so remain in a spiritual hell. In the next three stories ("A Summers Reading," "The Bill" and "The Last Mohican"), the heroes have not learned how to live as "a Jew," but there is an angel for each of them. Led by his angel, each hero struggles for his growth. It may safely be said, therefore, that the heroes live in a spiritual purgatory. The last three stories ("The Last Mohican, also included" in the third group, "The Loan" and "The Magic Barrel") are the most peculiar to Malamud. His romanticism claims that the heroes know, or learn at the end, how to live as "a Jew," while his pessimism predicts that their future is very dark. In the juxtaposition of his romanticism and pessimism, their softness and severity fuse into a "bitter-sweet" atmosphere. As this "bittersweetness" is the exact element which belongs to the life of "a Jew," the heroes reach a real heaven for Malamud, however different this real heaven looks from the ordinary idea of heaven. , In conclusion, The Magic Barrel spiritually grows upwards in a spiral along the axial line given by the concept of "a Jew," from a pseudo-heaven to a real heaven.

ホロコーストの影響とポストモダン : ウォルター・アビッシュの分析を中心に

Fri, 03 Feb 2012 +0900

新田, 玲子 ; アメリカ・エスニック文学研究 : 広島大学アメリカ・エスニック文学・プロジェクト研究センター研究成果報告書 : Hiroshima Studies in American Ethnic Literature no.2 page.69-86 (20060315)

瀬戸内海初記録のババガレイMicrostomus achne(カレイ科) <短報>

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 +0900

重田, 利拓 , 清水, 則雄 ; 広島大学総合博物館研究報告 no.2 page.53-56 (20101225) ; 2009年6月に瀬戸内海の山口県伊予灘で冷水性カレイ科魚類のババガレイMicrostomus achne 1標本が採集された。全長253.5mm,体長211.3mm,雄の成魚で,本報は標本に基づく瀬戸内海初記録である。 , A single specimen of the slime flounder Microstomus achne (Pleuronectidae) was collected from the Iyo-nada Sea, western Seto Inland Sea, Japan in June 2009. The adult male specimen was 253.5mm total length, 211.3mm standard length. This species is known to inhabit the cold waters of northern Japan, but this is the first record of M. achne in the Seto Inland Sea, southwestern Japan.

潜水センサスを用いた瀬戸内海倉橋島における浅海魚類相 : 出現魚種の季節的消長 <原著論文>

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 +0900

清水, 則雄 , 門田, 立 , 坪井, 美由紀 , 坂井, 陽一 ; 広島大学総合博物館研究報告 no.2 page.43-52 (20101225) ; 瀬戸内海の倉橋島において,潜水センサスによる魚類相の周年調査を行った。本調査により,8目29科53種の魚類を確認した。これらは周年定住種16種,季節的定住種37種に分けられた。近年,瀬戸内海で報告されている暖海性魚類と思われる種は確認されなかった。月毎の出現魚種数は,9・10月の41種が最多であり,1・2月の18種が最少であった。冬期には,9・10月に認められた多くの季節的定住種はその姿を消し,周年定住種を中心とした魚類群集が形成された。本調査海域の冬期の最低水温は10℃であり,低水温が種数の変動に影響し,暖海性魚類の出現を制限する要因になっていると考えられた。 , We conducted a year-long underwater census to survey fish fauna on a reef off Kurahashi Island in the Seto Inland Sea. A total of 53 species (8 orders, 29 families) were recorded; 16 species were residents, 37 were seasonal residents. No tropical/warm-temperate fish were confirmed. The total number of fish species (41) peaked in September and October, but drastically decreased to just 18 species in January and February because of the disappearance of most seasonal residents. These seasonal residents appeared to be prevented from continuing residence in the central part of the Seto Inland Sea because of the low water temperature in winter.

名所旧跡・街頭風景の今昔ニッポン時空写真館 1930-2010 <書評>

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 +0900

岡橋, 秀典 ; 広島大学総合博物館研究報告 no.3 page.157-158 (20111225) ; 二村正之. 2011. 誠文堂新光社, 東京. 212p. ISBN978-4-416-91100-6, 2800円(税別)

広島県呉市大崎下島大長の宇津神社棟札 <資料>

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 +0900

山口, 佳巳 ; 広島大学総合博物館研究報告 no.3 page.135-156 (20111225) ; 広島県呉市大崎下島の大長に鎮座する宇津神社所蔵の棟札等51枚について調査報告を行った。51枚の棟札等の内訳は,中世3枚,近世20枚,近代8枚,安永四年(1775)の写20枚である。中世の棟札はすべて本殿に関するものであり,文保・永享・永禄に再建(文保は創建か)もしくは大規模な修理が行われたものと考えられる。近世になると,本殿は20年前後の間隔で屋根が葺き替えられていることが分かった。また,大工は同島もしくはその周辺の地域を出自とすることが多かった。一方,安永年間の棟札等及び棟札写によって,神主越智春豊が神道裁許状を受給するまでの経緯とその後の背景までが判明し,当社において画期となる時期であったと考えられる。当社棟札は,文化財的価値のみならず歴史資料的価値も高く評価できる。

第4回企画展『里山のめぐみ-生物多様性を育む世界-』における来館者アンケートの結果について <資料>

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 +0900

橋本, 知佳 ; 広島大学総合博物館研究報告 no.3 page.129-134 (20111225) ; 今日の生涯学習社会においては,「地域に開かれた高等教育機関」として大学の地域貢献が強く期待されている。そうした中で,特に公開施設である大学博物館が果たす役割は重要になっている。広島大学総合博物館でも,地域の住民を対象とした活動を多く実施し好評を得ているが,未だ改良すべき点は多いと考えられる。本稿では,2010年に広島大学総合博物館で実施した企画展の来館者アンケートの結果を解析することで,来館者像を明らかにし,より効果的な広報活動や来館者のニーズに応える企画展示の提供など,今後の博物館活動で取り組むべき課題を明らかにしようとした。本稿の分析結果をもとに,今後の活動がより地域のニーズに即した形で発展することを期待したい。

A Checklist of the Parasitic Copepods (Crustacea) of Fishes and Invertebrates of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan (1935-2011), with a New Locality Record for Caligus macarovi (Caligidae)

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 +0900

Nagasawa, Kazuya ; 広島大学総合博物館研究報告 no.3 page.113-128 (20111225) ; Information on the parasitic copepods of fishes and invertebrates from the Seto Inland Sea published between 1935 and 2011 is assembled as Parasite-Host and Host-Parasite lists. A total of 88 nominal species (78 from fishes and 10 from invertebrates) of the following families have been reported: Anthessiidae (2 species), Bomolochidae (7), Chondracanthidae (7), Ergasilidae (3), Lichomolgidae (2), Mantridae (1), Myicolidae (1), Mytilicolidae (2), Notodelphyidae (2), Taeniacanthidae (14), Umazuracolidae (1), Caligidae (15), Hatschekiidae (9), Kroyeriidae (1), Lernaeopodidae (9), Lernanthropidae (7), Pandaridae (1), Pennellidae (2), Pseudocycnidae (1), and Pseudohatschekiidae (1). Information on the parasitic copepods not identified to species level is also given, including the species of Philichthyidae, Taeniacanthidae, and Pennellidae.

広島大学総合博物館に収蔵された地質学関係資料 : 広島城郷土舘(広島市)に展示されていた化石・岩石・鉱物標本 <資料>

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 +0900

沖村, 雄二 , 清水, 則雄 ; 広島大学総合博物館研究報告 no.3 page.103-111 (20111225) ; 昭和58年(1983)に開かれた「広島復興博覧会」の主会場のひとつであった広島城天守閣には,「広島城郷土舘」として,広島大学からの貸し出し標本をはじめ,広島県を中心とした地質学的資料(地質図・鉱物・岩石・化石など)を含む自然科学資料が多数展示されていた。しかし,平成元年(1989),広島城は歴史資料展示館に改変されることになり,展示されていた自然科学資料はすべて寄託者に返還された。現在では,そのほとんどが所在不明である。 , 本稿では,昭和54年(1979)に広島市によって刊行された「広島城展示資料目録」の地質鉱物の部のうち,広島大学理学部地質鉱物学教室に返還された標本,および寄託者の好意によって教室に寄贈頂いた標本(化石188点,岩石・鉱物・鉱石136点,合計324点)について,広島大学総合博物館への収蔵に伴い,標本の整理・収蔵リストの作成・解説を行ったものである。 , The Hiroshima Castle Tower was restored with ferro-concrete in 1953, at which time its second floor was designated a local museum devoted to the natural science of the Hiroshima prefecture area. In 1983, the Castle was utilized as one of the main sites of the Hiroshima Revival Exhibition, with the displays of many geological and biological specimens that were mainly studied by researchers of from the Faculty of Science at Hiroshima University. In 1989, Hiroshima City closed this local museum due to renovations to the Castle, and all exhibition materials were returned to the original donors. Most of these specimens are now out of circulation, except for the collections of the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy (now, Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science). In this report, we list, with occasional brief explanations, the geological materials transferred to the Hiroshima University Museum from the above Department. This list is based on the "Exhibition List of Hiroshima Castle", published by Hiroshima City in 1979, and on some of the first authors notes related to the exhibition of the geological corner in the local museum. , The transferred specimens include: , 1) 158 fossils from the Permo-Carboniferous Taishaku limestone, the Miocene Bihoku Group, and the Quaternary deposits of Hiroshima Delta, and , 2) 125 specimens of rocks, minerals, and ores mostly collected from Hiroshima prefecture. , Almost all the specimens are very important for the geological study of Hiroshima prefecture, because the same fossils and ores can never again be gathered due to a breakdown of outcrops and the closing of ore deposits (mine fields).

準絶滅危惧ハゼ科トビハゼPeriophthalmus modestusの広島県における現状 <短報>

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 +0900

清水, 則雄 , 内藤, 順一 , 大塚, 攻 , 坂井, 陽一 , 橋本, 博明 ; 広島大学総合博物館研究報告 no.3 page.97-102 (20111225) ; 干潟や河口にみられる両生生活魚トビハゼPeriophthalmus modestusは,環境省の汽水・淡水魚類レッドリスト(2007)で準絶滅危惧に指定され,全国的に生息状況の悪化の進行が危惧されている。しかしながら,広島県における本種の生息状況に関する情報は極めて乏しく,広島県のレッドデータブック(2004)にも掲載されていない状況にある。そこで,本種の広島県における生息状況を定量的に評価することを目的に,我々は過去に同種の存在が記録されていた水域を含む県内有数の干潟9地点での生息状況の査察調査を実施した。その結果,備後灘に面する県東部では生息数の際立った干潟が存在していたが,広島湾に面する県西部では生息が確認できなかった。両水域をつなぐ安芸灘に面する中部域では,ほとんどの調査地点で幼魚のみの確認にとどまり,再生産に関与する成魚の存在はみとめられなかった。本稿では,広島県内の代表的干潟におけるトビハゼの生息が危機的状況にあることを具体的に報告する。 , The Japanese mudskipper, Periophthalmus modestus, is classified as a semi-endangered species on the red list (2007) for estuarine and freshwater fishes published by the Ministry of the Environment. Information on the mudskipper in Hiroshima Prefecture is extremely scarce and it is not published in the red data book (2004) on Hiroshima Prefecture. To determine the current habitat of P. modestus, we surveyed 9 mudflat areas (including areas where the mudskipper had lived in the past) in Hiroshima Prefecture. Our surveys did not find even one fish in the western part of the survey area, while there were many fish found in the tidal flat of an eastern prefecture. In the central area, only young fish were recorded. This paper reports concretely that a critical situation exists for the mudskipper in their typical tidal flat habitat in Hiroshima Prefecture.

徳之島の闘牛における観客の動向と今後の可能性 <短報>

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 +0900

石川, 菜央 ; 広島大学総合博物館研究報告 no.3 page.89-96 (20111225) ; 本稿では,徳之島の闘牛大会における観客を対象に,彼らが闘牛とどのような関わりを持ち,どこから,いかなる動機で大会に足を運んでいるのかを2回のアンケート調査の結果をもとに解明した。その結果,観客層は,大きく分けて牛主の関係者=特定の牛主の応援者,闘牛ファン=特定の牛の応援者の2つがあることが分かった。大会に来た回数では10回以上と答えた回答者が最多で,リピーターが多かった。全国闘牛サミットの記念大会では初めて来た観客が多く,こうした他の開催地との連携などの工夫が,新たな観客の誘致につながるといえる。初めての観客からは闘牛の雰囲気になじめないとの記述もあった。さらなる観客を獲得するために,初めての観客に「応援したい牛」や「応援したい牛主」を持たせるための工夫を提案した。 , The purpose of this study was to clarify why people visit Tokunoshima Island to watch the native bullfighting event. I twice administered a questionnaire to visitors and tourists who had watched the event. This questionnaire included questions on their lifestyles, hometowns or home countries, and why they came to watch the event. The spectators could be classified into two groups: one that cheers particular bull owners and one that cheers their favorite bulls. More than half of the respondents had attended the event more than ten times, suggesting that repeat spectators play an important role in the success. Many spectators first watched the event during the National Bullfighting Summit hosted by the island, so to attract more tourists to bullfighting events, it is important to seek the cooperation of other bullfighting hosts and experiment with new approaches. Some of the spectators who watched the event for the first time felt awkward because they did not share the islanders enthusiasm, so when encouraging new visitors, it is important to devise specific means of entertaining them.

瀬戸内海産エビクラゲNetrostoma setouchianaに共生するコエビ類 <原著論文>

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 +0900

大塚, 攻 , 近藤, 裕介 , 岩崎, 貞治 , 林, 健一 ; 広島大学総合博物館研究報告 no.3 page.1-6 (20111225) ; 2010年9月1日に瀬戸内海中央部,竹原市沖合にて出現した2 個体のエビクラゲNetrostoma setouchianaの傘,口腕にコエビ類2種,タコクラゲモエビLatreutes mucronatus,クラゲエビChlorotocella gracilisが共生していた。同年,周辺海域において大型鉢クラゲ類ユウレイクラゲ,アカクラゲ,ミズクラゲの共生生物を調査したが,コエビ類の共生はエビクラゲのみから確認され,宿主特異性が高いことが判明した。共生個体数が多かったタコクラゲモエビの成長段階,性を査定した結果を報告する。 , Two types of caridean shrimp, Latreutes mucronatus and Chlorotocella gracilis, were associated with the rhizostome jellyfish Netrostoma setouchiana off Takehara City in the central part of the Seto Inland Sea on 1 September 2010. These shrimps have never before been seen with other scyphomedusae such as Cyanea nozakii, Chrysaora melanaster, or Aurelia sp. in the neighboring waters, indicating a high host-specificity of the shrimp to N. setouchiana.

広島市絵下山公園におけるギフチョウの保全と飛翔行動の変化 : 巨大建造物出現に対する行動パターン <原著論文>

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 +0900

亀山, 剛 , 渡辺, 一雄 ; 広島大学総合博物館研究報告 no.3 page.7-22 (20111225) ; 絵下山公園は原爆爆心地から12.4kmにある広島市営公園でギフチョウの生息地である。この山頂部に2006年デジタルテレビ放送所の鉄塔および局舎が完成した。ギフチョウの行動研究と並行して,工事の影響を極力抑える努力を試み『ギフチョウの住む自然豊かな都市近郊型公園』の創成を目指している。本稿ではギフチョウの生息条件について総論を試み,保全の具体策と工事前後の飛翔,産卵状況の変化,今後の課題を述べる。ギフチョウは一時的に減少したが最近2,3年,回復しつつある。今後,適切な生息環境と景観の整備により里山のシンボル,ギフチョウの生息環境を保持した都市近郊型公園を目指したい。減少の原因は気候の異常変動と巨大鉄塔出現による飛翔・産卵行動の変化が考えられた。行動の変化を『飛翔パターン全体を認識・記憶する生理メカニズム』の存在とそのトータルな変更ととらえ,適応行動の遺伝という観点から仮説を立てて論じた。 , Mt. Ege ("Ege-san" in Japanese; alt. 593 m) is located near Hiroshima City, 12.4 km from the atomic bomb memorial dome. The municipal park at the summit, is a popular Hiroshima sightseeing spot and a habitat of Luehdorfia japonica, a butterfly that is a symbol of the concept of "satoyama" (the area between mountain foothills and flat, arable land). In 2004, construction was begun of a digital TV tower at the summit area. At this time, we reviewed the principle habitat of Luehdorfia with a focus on their flight behaviors. We described successive changes related to individual numbers, ovipositions, and flight behaviors during the construction. The food plant, Asarum hexalobum, was transplanted to the area, and advice was offered to those involved with the construction on how to create and/or maintain a good habitat. Although the population of the butterflies temporarily diminished during the construction, its current status indicates a tendency toward recovery. We are planning to produce a unique natural park, in which Luehdorfia can be observed flying amongst the cherry blossoms in the spring.

東広島市における市民の景観意識と景観づくりへの課題 : アンケート調査にもとづく一考察 <原著論文>

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 +0900

岡橋, 秀典 ; 広島大学総合博物館研究報告 no.2 page.19-33 (20101225) ; 2004年の景観法の制定により,近年,景観政策への関心が高まっている。本稿では,アンケート調査を用いて,東広島市を対象に市民へのアンケート調査を行い,地域の景観に関する意識や景観保全への意向を明らかにしようとした。さらにその結果をふまえ,今後の景観保全や景観づくりのための課題も検討した。今後東広島市の景観政策を推進するには,景観問題について学び,議論する機会が東広島市によって提供されるべきであろう。 , In recent times, landscape policy comes under the spotlight, because the landscape law was newly enacted by the Central Government in 2004. This paper intends to clarify the local residents consciousness to the surrounding landscapes and their opinion to the landscape conservation in Higashi-Hiroshima City by employing a questionnaire survey method. Based on the results, we examined the landscape conservation and design issues. For promoting the landscape policy, the opportunity for learning and discussing on the landscape issues should be provided by the local authority (Highashi-Hiroshima).

In-situ Observations of Symbionts on Medusae Occurring in Japan, Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 +0900

Ohtsuka, Susumu , Kondo, Yusuke , Sakai, Yoichi , Shimazu, Takeshi , Shimomura, Michitaka , Komai, Tomoyuki , Yanagi, Keisuke , Fujita, Toshihiko , Nishikawa, Jun , Miyake, Hiroshi , B. A. Venmathi Maran , Go, Akio , Nagaguchi, Kazumitsu , Yamaguchi, Shuhei , Dechsakulwatana, Chutiwan , Srinui, Khwanruan , Putchakarn, Sumaitt , Mulyadi , Mujiono, Nova , Sutomo , Yusoff, Fatimah Md. ; 広島大学総合博物館研究報告 no.2 page.9-18 (20101225) ; During an ecological investigation on symbionts of medusae in Eastern and Southeastern Asian waters, seven species of hydro- and scypho-medusae were found to harbor a wide variety of invertebrates and fishes: the isopod Idotea metallica and the nudibranch Fiona pinnata on the chondrophoran Vellela vellela; the actiniarian Peachia quinquecapitata on the leptomedusa Aequorea coerulescens; the butterfish Psenopsis anomala and the hyperiid amphipod Hyperia galba associated with the semaestome Chrysaora melanaster; H. galba on the semaestome Aurelia limbata; metacercariae of three species found in the mesogloea of a semaestome, Aurelia sp.; the ophiuroid Ophiocnemis marmorata, the caridean shrimp Latreutes spp., and the shrimp scad Alepes djedaba on the rhizostome Rhopilema hispidum; the swimming crab Charybdis feriata and A. djedaba on the rhizostome Versuriga anadyomene. Juveniles of benthic organisms such as crabs and ophiuroids seem to become hitchhikers for dispersal, while juvenile fish utilize medusae as refugia against predation. Since the previous and present studies have shown that edible rhizostomes are associated with many kinds of symbionts, fisheries for these jellyfishes possibly hinder the recruitment of symbionts such as decapods, ophiuroids and fish.

保護活動支援を目的とした野鳥観察ツアーの評価と課題 : 広島県内でのブッポウソウとカンムリウミスズメ観察ツアーを事例として <原著論文>

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 +0900

淺野, 敏久 , 飯田, 知彦 , 光武, 昌作 , 榎本, 隆明 , 林, 健児郎 ; 広島大学総合博物館研究報告 no.2 page.1-8 (20101225) ; ブッポウソウとカンムリウミスズメの保護活動を支援する環境事業として野鳥観察を中心としたエコツアーが広島県内で行われている。本稿では,広島市民を対象としたWEB アンケート調査と,ツアー参加者を対象とした,参加動機や評価に関するアンケート調査の結果を報告する。前者からは,鳥の知名度の低さにもかかわらず,1/4程度の回答者がツアーへの関心を示すとともに,野鳥保護や環境教育の効果を認めていることなどが明らかになった。後者からは,参加者が,いわゆる「マニア」層が中心となっていることを確認するとともに,ツアーの評価が,一般向けアンケートで重視される以上に,対象とした鳥を見られたかどうかに左右されることがわかった。今後,ツアー内容の充実や集客方法(宣伝方法)の検討が課題となる。 , An eco-tour designed to support the conservation works for wild birds is complemented in Hiroshima area. We clarified using two questionnaire surveys how the tour is evaluated. The survey for Hiroshima citizens shows that one forth of them express interest in the tour, instead of their blindness of the targeted birds. They accept a conservational value or an educational value of the tour. On the other hand, the survey for the tour participants shows that they are mainly the bird lovers, and that their evaluation of the tour are dependent on whether they could watch the targeted birds or not. It is necessary to improve tour programs and rethink about effective means of advertising, based on the results of these surveys.

鹿児島県西多羅ヶ迫遺跡から出土した石器の残存デンプン粒と後期旧石器時代前半期における遺跡内の植物利用 <原著論文>

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 +0900

渋谷, 綾子 ; 広島大学総合博物館研究報告 no.3 page.73-88 (20111225) ; 本研究は,鹿児島県西多羅ヶ迫遺跡で出土した後期旧石器時代の石器から残存デンプン粒分析を行い,石器の用途や当時の植物利用について考察した。分析した11点の台石や磨石類から,合計160個の残存デンプン粒を検出した。使用痕と残存デンプン粒検出との関連が認められる石器については植物加工に用いられた可能性を提示し,使用痕は確認できるが残存デンプン粒を検出しなかった石器は石器製作用であると結論付けた。同じ石器から植物の種類が異なる円形と五角形のデンプン粒を検出した結果からは,石器で2種類以上の植物が加工された可能性を指摘した。残存デンプン粒と現生標本との形態学的な比較により,残存デンプン粒の候補となる植物としては13属29種が挙げられた。残存デンプン粒の外形と粒径から,これらの植物にはクリやコナラ属,オニグルミなどの堅果類,ワラビやオオウバユリなどの鱗茎・根茎類が含まれている。 , The uses of Upper Palaeolithic stone tools and plants at the Nishitaragasako site, Kagoshima, were explored by analysing starch residues on the tools. The total starch granule numbers recorded were 160 from 11 sampled stone tools. The quantities of starch found by point sampling were compared on the working and non-working surfaces of stone slabs and grinding stones. More starch granules were found on working surfaces, and they may have been used for processing plants. But no starch granules on working surfaces may have been used for stone tool making. The co-occurrence of spherical and pentagonal starch granules on individual tools suggests that more than two plant species were utilized within the working life of individual grinding stones. Initial visual comparisons of ancient starch samples and modern reference samples suggested the possible presence of 13 genera and 29 identifiable species. The candidates for ancient presence at the Nishitaragasako site include Castanea crenata, Quercus, Juglans ailanthifolia, Pteridium aquilinum, and Cardiocrinum. These candidates were indicated by the size and geometric form of starch granules.

鞆の浦における社寺建築の建築年代と細部意匠 <原著論文>

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 +0900

佐藤, 大規 ; 広島大学総合博物館研究報告 no.3 page.59-71 (20111225) ; 鞆の浦(広島県福山市鞆町)は,古くから繁栄してきた港町として著名であり,現在でも歴史的な町並みや港湾施設を多数残している。ところで,鞆の浦は山と海に囲まれた狭隘な土地柄にも拘わらず,多くの社寺が存している。今回,鞆の浦の社寺建築の調査を行ったので,その結果をもとに鞆の浦の社寺建築の建築年代と細部意匠について述べることにしたい。 , まず,鞆の浦には広島県内には建築遺構が少ないとされる17世紀に造立されたものが14棟も残っていることが判明した。それは,商人の経済力を背景としたものと考えられる。また細部意匠は,県内の他地域と比べて先進的かつ秀逸なものが多数あり,京都や大坂から直接に最新建築技術が入ってくるという地理的環境によるものと考えられる。また随所に見られた独特な台輪は,明王院本堂(福山市)を模倣したものと考えられ,地域における細部意匠の伝播を伺うことができた。 , Tomonoura is a famous port in japan that has prospered since ancient times, and historical towns and port installations remain in the Tomonoura area. Although Tomonoura is a narrow place enclosed by the mountain and the sea, it contains a significant number of shrines and temples. I investigated these buildings and here report on their years of construction and ornamental details. , It turned out that 14 of the buildings had been built in the 17th century, which makes them quite old compared with the other shrines and temples in Hiroshima. One theory for their abundance is that they originally represented merchants financial power. The ornamentation of these buildings was more advanced and impressive than that of other regions in Hiroshima prefecture, possibly due to cutting-edge technology from Kyoto and Osaka that filtered into Tomonoura via the port. , One special feature of these buildings is a peculiar plinth block that was originally used the main hall of Myoo-in Temple. The presence of this plinth block illustrates the spread of ornamental details through-out the region.

西日本における釣り餌として流通される水生動物の現状 <原著論文>

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 +0900

斉藤, 英俊 , 丹羽, 信彰 , 河合, 幸一郎 , 今林, 博道 ; 広島大学総合博物館研究報告 no.3 page.45-57 (20111225) ; 西日本でどのような水生動物が釣り餌として流通されているのかについて,2009年12月～2011年8月の期間に市場調査をおこなった。釣り具店で販売されている商品として,多毛類,ユムシ類,ホシムシ類,二枚貝類,甲殻類および魚類など少なくとも27種が確認できた。これらの釣り餌動物は,1)国外から輸入されている非在来種(≧4種),2)国外から輸入されている在来種(18種),3)国内流通されている外来種(2種),および4)国内流通のみされている在来種(3種)の4タイプに分けられた。 , Market research was performed between December 2009 and August 2011 to investigate the current state of aquatic animals sold as bait for sport fishing in Western Japan. At least 27 species of bait—including nine polychaetes, one echiuran, one sipunculan, three bivalves, at least ten crustaceans, and three fishes—were sold at fishing bait shops in Osaka and Hiroshima prefectures. These animals were divided into four types: 1) non-native species imported from foreign countries (at least four species), 2) native species imported from foreign countries (eighteen species), 3) invasive species supplied in Japan (two species), and 4) native species supplied only in Japan (three species).

歴史的街道を対象とした自然地理学的な講義の提案 : 関東平野の中山道を事例として <原著論文>

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 +0900

熊原, 康博 ; 広島大学総合博物館研究報告 no.3 page.31-44 (20111225) ; 筆者が所属する群馬大学教育学部社会専攻では,地理よりも歴史に興味をもつ学生が多い。これらの学生は,小学校・中学校の教員に採用されると,学校で地理的な内容を教えることになることから,地理的な見方・考え方の意義について大学時代に認識してもらう必要があると考えた。本稿では,筆者が数年間行っている,近世五街道の一つ中山道を事例とした,地理的な見方・考え方な視点を重視した自然地理学的な講義の内容について紹介した。 , 講義の内容は,1)関東平野の中山道周辺の地形の起源や成り立ち,2)街道のルートと地形条件の関係の特徴,3)街道沿いの地形と人々の生活の関係の3 点を,受講生に理解させることを意図している。講義中,地図作業を行うことや,群馬県内の中山道を歩くフィールドワークを実施し,地理的な見方・考え方について総合的な理解を得られるよう配慮した。 , アンケート結果によると講義への評価が高いことから,この講義によって地理的な見方・考え方の意義を一定程度認識させることができたとみなしうる。 , Most undergraduate students about to join the social studies department in the faculty of education learned Japanese history or world history during high school, and therefore they tend to take less of an interest in geography than in history. However, when they are teachers they will have to teach all aspects of social studies, including geography. There is therefore a need for a specific geographical curriculum for an undergraduate course that enables students to understand the significance of the geographical perspective. , In this paper, I propose an example of a physical geography curriculum related to the famous historical highway Nakasendo, which connected the capital city Edo (the former name of Tokyo) to Kyoto for about 260 years starting from A.D. 1600. Most students are familiar with this highway, so I imagine that they would have a greater interest in a geographical curriculum that includes it. The aim of the proposed curriculum is to enable students to understand 1) the characteristics of the geomorphological conditions on and around the highway, 2) the origin and process of landforms along the highway, and 3) the interaction between landforms and human activity in the days when the highway was used. The curriculum also contains map work and fieldwork taking place along part of the highway. , The results of an anonymous questionnaire completed by students show that this curriculum is highly favored, suggesting that it is has the potential to help students understand the significance of the geographical perspective.

Distribution of two subspecies of white-spotted charr, Salvelinus leucomaenis imbrius and S. l. pluvius, in the rivers flowing into the Sea of Japan, and their genetic relationships, based on mitochondrial DNA sequense

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 +0900

Kawai, Koichiro , Inoue, Takanori , Saito, Hidetoshi , Imabayashi, Hiromichi ; 広島大学総合博物館研究報告 no.3 page.23-30 (20111225) ; The distribution of 2 subspecies of white-spotted charr, Salvelinus leucomaenis imbrius ("Gogi") and S. l. pluvius ("Nikko-iwana"), in the rivers flowing into the Sea of Japan was investigated and their genetic relationships were examined based on their cytochrome b sequence of mitochondrial DNA. Nikko-iwana was distributed from the Omono to Hakuta Rivers whereas Gogi was distributed from the Tenjin to Sufu Rivers. Both subspecies were co-distributed in the Hino River. Nikko-iwana was distributed in the eastern area whereas both subspecies were distributed in the western area and more than three-fourth of the samples comprised of Gogi in the left branches. Fourty six haplotypes were observed. Thirty-one and 18 haplotypes were recorded for Nikko-iwana and Gogi, respectively. Among these, haplotypes 1 and 29 were common to both subspecies. Nineteen haplotypes were recorded from the Hino River Basin, among which 11 and 10 haplotypes were recorded for Nikko-iwana and Gogi, respectively. Three types of clades, comprising only Nikko-iwana, only Gogi, and both subspecies, were observed. Multiple subspecies-specific clades were observed for both subspecies. These data suggest that both Gogi and Nikko-iwana have multiple origins, and may have tried to expand their ranges during different glacial periods. Furthermore, Gogi was estimated to have been derived and evolved from an ancestor in the stream-like environment in the peneplain-like topography of the western Chugoku Mountains.

Genetic Relationships between Gogi, a Subspecies of Japanese Common Charr, Salvelinus leucomaenis imbrius, Distributed around the Watershed Borders in the Western Chugoku Mountains, Japan, on the Basis of RAPD Analysis

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 +0900

Kawai, Koichiro , Ina, Yuji , Imabayashi, Hiromichi ; 広島大学総合博物館研究報告 no.2 page.35-41 (20101225) ; Genetic relationships were examined among specimens of a subspecies of the Japanese common charr, Salvelinus leucomaenis imbrius (Gogi), distributed around the watershed boundaries in the western Chugoku Mountains on the basis of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. A total of 23 fish was collected from 16 branches of 4 rivers. Twenty-one DNA fragments were amplified, among which there were no bands common only to all the individuals of a branch or a river system. A genetical identity was observed among the branches of the two facing river systems across a watershed, the Takatsu and Nishiki River systems. The highest two average Band Sharing Index (BSI) values were also observed between these river systems. Average BSI was the lowest between the Nishiki and Ohta River systems, although their rivermouths are adjacent. BSI between the individuals showed a significantly negative relationship against the distance between the collection sites. Two large clusters comprised the individuals from 3 or all the river systems at BSI level of 0.8. Some intimate clusters were constructed by the facing branches of different river systems. These results suggest that the genetic distance of the Gogi might be strongly determined not by the river system but by the geographical closeness.

広島県植物誌(1997)以降に広島県廿日市市宮島から報告された種子植物 <資料>

Thu, 02 Feb 2012 +0900

平原, 友紀 , 久保, 晴盛 , 木村, 茉南美 , 向井, 誠二 , 坪田, 博美 ; 広島大学総合博物館研究報告 no.2 page.57-63 (20101225) ; 広島県廿日市市宮島の植物について,広島県植物誌(1997)の発刊後に標本あるいは文献等で記録された種子植物について,そのリストと標本・文献情報等について報告した。標本や文献情報,野外調査の結果,ヒメクロモジLindera lancea (Momiy.) H. KoyamaとヒメシロダモNeolitsea sericea (Blume) Koidz. f. prematura Okuyama,スズフリイカリソウEpimedium × sasakii F. Maek.,イワヨモギArtemisia sacrorum Ledeb.,ヤマトウミヒルモHalophila nipponica J. Kuo,ホンゴウソウSciaphila nana Blume,ヒナノシャクジョウBurmannia championii Thwaites,シロシャクジョウB. cryptopetala Makino,チャボイEleocharis parvula (Roem. & Schult.) Link ex Bluff, Nees & Schauer.の合計9種の種子植物が宮島のフロラに加わることが明らかになった。また,キミノシロダモNeolitsea sericea (Blume) Koidz. f. xanthocarpa (Makino) OkuyamaとツルメドハギLespedeza × intermixta Makino,ヤマビワMeliosma rigida Siebold & Zucc.,モロコシソウLysimachia sikokiana Miq.,コバノヘクソカズラPaederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. var. mairei (H.Lév.) H. Hara f. microphylla (Honda) H.Hara.については新たな知見または標本情報が得られた。ヤクシマオオバコPlantago asiatica L. var. yakusimensis (Masam.) Ohwiについては宮島のフロラから除外された。

難読児のための手引書

Wed, 01 Feb 2012 +0900

広島大学総合科学部難読相談室 , 山田, 純 ; (19950401) ; 編集: 広島大学総合科学部難読相談室

歌人税所敦子の形成

Wed, 01 Feb 2012 +0900

長福, 香菜 ; 国文学攷 no.212 page.17-31 (20111231)

模倣としての「憂国」 : コピーし/されていく物語

Wed, 01 Feb 2012 +0900

中元, さおり ; 国文学攷 no.212 page.33-47 (20111231)

Japanese Learners Characteristic Errors of the Chinese Numeral Classifier Sequence yi ge: Learning and/or Unlearning?

Wed, 01 Feb 2012 +0900

Teng, Xiaochun , Ogawa, Yasuo , Yamada, Jun ; Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association Vol.45 no.1 page.89-101 (201002) ; This study was motivated by Higuchi (2007), in which many advanced learners of Chinese made incorrect responses to seemingly easy items in a two-choice cloze-type test of the Chinese numeral classifier sequence yi ge. In Experiment 1, we tested native Chinese speakers as subjects, using the same material but allowing three possible choices for each item: (1) yi ge, (2) zero, or (3) yi ge/zero (i.e., either acceptable). The results revealed that there were several items which elicited a yi ge/zero response, thereby indicating that the validity of a two-choice test is questionable.In Experiment 2, both a two-choice and a three-choice test were administered to Japanese learners of Chinese. The results showed that the subjects made more correct responses to the easy items marking ~new information status than did Higuchis subjects. Combined with Higuchis findings, the present results may be interpreted as suggesting that Japanese learners in a beginning or intermediate stage first acquire the association between yi ge and new information status of the following noun, but unlearn that simple association at a more advanced level. The grammatical features which seem to engender this learning pattern are briefly discussed.

音声によるコミュニケーション : 日英語の事例

Wed, 01 Feb 2012 +0900

山田, 純 ; 情報化社会への招待 : 情報活用概論・基礎教科書 Vol.2008 page.109-117 (20080330) ; 本章では,話しことばの円滑なコミュニケーションをおこなうことをめざし,日英語の音声上の基本現象といくつかの応用問題を学習する. ; 広島大学情報メディア教育研究センター編

Pronunciation of low-frequency irregular words in estimating premorbid intelligence

Wed, 01 Feb 2012 +0900

Leong, Che Kan , Yamada, Jun ; Contemporary issues of brain, communication and education in psychology : the science of mind page.45-56 (2008) ; Recently, McGurn et al. (2004) confirmed that the pronunciation of the low frequency and irregular words in the National Adult Reading Test (NART) is preserved in adult patients with dementia and NART provides a good estimate of premorbid intelligence of these patients. We attempted to answer these intriguing questions by examining the phonological structure of NART words, particularly the optimality of the demisyllables constituting these words. Following Clement (1990), we found the initial and final demisyllables of NART words are near optimal in sonority dispersion as compared with some regularly spelled counterparts. The near optimality of NART words may facilitate their retrieval and become part of "crystallized intelligence". We further invoked the concept of word reading as paired-associate learning to explain the unique visual-verbal contribution to irregular word reading. We speculated that the pronunciation of NART-like low frequency Japanese kanji words or Chinese characters with optimal speech forms may also be preserved in Japanese or Chinese dementia patients and may correlate with premorbid intelligence. ; Edited by Kazuhito Yoshizaki and Hisao Ohnishi

平安時代和文における「ほこる」と「おごる」

Wed, 01 Feb 2012 +0900

土居, 裕美子 ; 国文学攷 no.212 page.1-15 (20111231)

日本及び西洋料理におけるだしに関する研究

Wed, 01 Feb 2012 +0900

二宮, くみ子 ; だしは、動植物性食品の呈味成分を水に溶出させた液体で、和洋中の各種料理では、料理やその食材に甘味、酸味、塩味、苦味及びうま味を付与し、食べ物の味を向上させる目的で使用されている。特に、だしは、各種の汁物やスープ類の調理に欠かすことができないものであり、だしの品質が料理の味の質を決定するといっても過言ではない。 , だしの調製に使用される素材は、それぞれの地域の食文化や食習慣の違いがあるため多種多様である。日本料理で使用されるだしの素材としては、昆布とかつお節が最も多く用いられ、昆布に含まれるGluとカツオ節に含まれるIMPがだしの主要な呈味成分である。京都の高級料亭では、主に利尻昆布がだしの調製に使われている。また、昆布だしの調理温度と加熱時間の違いによるだし中のGlu濃度変動について検討し、これらの結果をもとに利尻昆布を60℃で1時間加熱するという新しい調理方法を取り入れている。これらの調理方法に関する知見のほとんどが、料理人の経験にもとづくものであり、科学的解析はほとんどなされていない。 , 一方、西洋料理の代表的なだしであるブイヨンは、新鮮な牛肉や鶏肉、玉ねぎ、人参、セロリ等の香りのある香味野菜や香辛料を加えて、水から長時間煮込んで調理する。また、品質の良いだしを作るためには、素材の違いだけではなく、だしを調製する時の加熱温度や加熱時間が極めて重要である。これらは、いずれも長年の経験から確立されたものである。これまでのブイヨンに関する研究は、調理に使われる鶏肉、鶏ガラや牛肉に着目し、各種呈味成分の抽出性や肉の部位の違いによる味への影響を調べたものが多く、シェフが通常行っている調理条件で解析した研究はほとんどないのが現状である。 , そこで、本論文では、日本及び西洋料理の代表的なだしとして、昆布だしとブイヨンを取り上げ、昆布の等級及び部位の違いが各種呈味成分に与える影響、異なる温度条件がブイヨンの呈味成分に及ぼす影響、ならびに加熱に伴う成分変動のメカニズムを解明することを目的に、以下の実験を行った。 , 1.昆布の等級及び部位の相違と昆布だし中の呈味成分との関連性 , 昆布は生育する環境、すなわち海水温や海流によって食品としての品質が左右され、同じ年に収穫した昆布でも取れ浜や漁場によって、その品質が異なることが知られている。本研究では、京都の高級料亭で使用されている天然1等利尻昆布と対照として養殖3等及び4等利尻昆布を用い、昆布だしの品質を決定する遊離アミノ酸、糖アルコール(マンニット)及び無機塩類を、また、昆布だしの品質に関与すると考えられる乾燥昆布の膨張率、昆布だしのBrix及びpHを検討した。材料に用いた昆布は天然物(1等)及び養殖物(3等、4等)ともに、平成16年7月に収穫された利尻昆布で、入蔵後6ヶ月を経過したものについて、昆布全長(葉先から根元まで)を三等分し、先端、中央、根の3部位に分け、それぞれを縦に二等分したものの重量を測り、昆布の割合が水に対して3%(w/v)になるよう調整し、60℃で1時間加熱後昆布を取り出したものを昆布だしとし各種分析を行った。いずれの昆布だしにおいても主要な遊離アミノ酸はGluとAspであった。昆布だし中のGlu濃度は、等級による差は認められず、1,3,4等の昆布で、それぞれ56.0、63.5、53.6mg/100mlであった。また、同じ昆布では、葉先よりも根のほうが濃度が高かった。 , 一方、Aspは、1等昆布で濃度が高く、1、3、4等の昆布で、それぞれ56.0、24.1、24.3mg/100mlであり、1等昆布では3、4等に比べ、Gluに対するAspの比率が高い傾向にあった。部位別では、Asp濃度は、Gluと同様に、根の方で高かった。無機イオンではNaとKが主要なものであった。Na濃度は、等級間で差は認められなかったが、先端での濃度は、中央部や根よりも高かった。1等の先端、中央部、根での濃度は、それぞれ50.0、48.1、48.0mg/100m1であった。また、K濃度は、1等昆布で低い傾向にあり、1等、3等、4等で、それぞれ53.8、89.2、75.9mg/100mlであった。 , 1等昆布のだしのマンニット濃度及びBrixは他のものより低い値を示した。また、1等昆布のpHは他のものより高い値を示した。 , 膨張率は等級が高いほど低く、等級の低い昆布では、加熱中に大きく膨張することによって、昆布の切断面から粘性多糖類であるアルギン酸やフコイダンがだし中に溶出し、呈味性を変化させ、だしの品質を損ねる可能性があると思われる。 , 天然1等利尻昆布を、入蔵後2年間一定条件下の蔵で保存したものは「蔵囲い昆布」として、昆布市場では最高級品とされている。そこで、2年間の保存によって呈味や品質に関与する各種成分が変動するかどうかについて検討した。その結果、各種呈味成分、Brix、pH並びに膨張率は、2年間の保存期間を経過しても変動しなかった。蔵の環境は年間を通じて5～25℃、湿度は50～65%に保たれており、このような環境下であれば、昆布は極めて保存安定性が良いことが明かとなった。 , 2.ブイヨンの調理条件の違いが呈味成分に及ぼす影響 , 西洋料理の代表的なだしであるブイヨンを異なる温度で調理したとき、各ブイヨン中の遊離アミノ酸、有機酸、糖、無機イオンを測定し、加熱温度の違いがブイヨンの呈味成分に及ぼす影響を調べた。ブイヨン調製のための最適加熱温度が95℃(適温)であることを確認したうえで、この温度よりも高い98℃(高温)、より低い温度80℃(低温)でブイヨン調製を行った。冷水に牛肉、鶏肉を投入し強火で25分間加熱し沸騰させ、灰汁を除去した。次に、野菜を投入し、再び加熱し設定温度に到達した時点を加熱0時間とし、適温と低温は加熱5時間まで、高温は加熱2時間までの1時間ごとに、ブイヨンを取り出し、呈味成分の変動を調べた。適温、高温、低温のいずれのブイヨンにおいてもGluの抽出量が最も高く、適温及び低温5時間で2164及び2013mg,高温2時間で2164mgで、いずれの温度においても全遊離アミノ酸の約20%を占めた。次いで、Ala、Arg、Ser、Lysの順に抽出量が多かった。各ブイヨン中のIMPとGluの濃度から算出したうま味強度(IMPをGluに置き換えたと想定し算出した各ブイヨン中のGlu濃度)は、0.07(低温)、0.13(適温)、0.11(高温)であり、適温調理が最もうま味が強いことが確認された。 , 有機酸は、いずれの温度においても乳酸の抽出量が最も多かったが、温度による抽出量の差は見られなかった。各種呈味成分において最も抽出量が多かったのは糖類であったが、温度の違いによる抽出量の差は認められなかった。無機イオンではKの抽出量が最も多かった。 , 各加熱温度で調製したブイヨンの加熱1時間ごとのサンプルについて、ブイヨン調理に関わったシェフによる味の評価結果では、低温、適温、高温でそれぞれ4,2,1時間後にうま味が感じられたが、高温ではうま味とともに苦味、酸味も感じられた。適温では加熱3時間以降、うま味に加えて厚みやまろやかさが感じられたが、低温では5時間においても厚みやまろやかさは感じられなかった。加熱温度による各種呈味成分の抽出量に差はみられなかったが、加熱温度の違いによる液体の蒸発量の違いが、ブイヨンの味に影響を与えていること、更に、シェフによる味の評価においてうま味に加えて、厚み、まろやかさがブイヨンの仕上がりの判断の要素となっていることが示唆された。 , 加熱に伴いGlnのみが減少することが確認されたが、通常のブイヨンの調製方法とは異なる、低温蒸らし調理ではGlnが残存していることを確認した。低温蒸らし調理では鍋中の温度は常に60℃前後に保たれており、Glnの減少は加熱温度が関係している可能性が示唆された。また、PCAは増加していた。PCAは素材中に含まれる成分ではないため、加熱中に抽出されたGlnから形成されると推察された。 , 3.ブイヨン中に存在するグルタミン(Gln)の加熱による変動 , ブイヨンの加熱調理工程において、加熱に伴いGlnが減少すること、そして、この現象は温度に関係していることが見出された。Glnの減少のメカニズムを解明するため、Gln水溶液を異なる温度条件で加熱し、生成される化合物をODSカラムを用いて調べた。1mMGln水溶液(pH6.8)を37～98℃の5つの異なる温度帯で1時間から5時間加熱処理した。37℃及び50℃の加熱では、Glnの減少は認められなかった。70℃以上の加熱により、Glnは経時的に減少した。また、それぞれの加熱条件でのPCAの生成量を調べた結果、Glnの減少量とほぼ同量のPCAが生成されることが判明した。さらに、加熱温度が高くなるにつれて、Gln並びにPCAとは異なる溶出位置に新しい化合物の生成が認められた。この化合物をODSカラムによるHPLCで単離し、物質の同定を行った。構造決定にはLC/MS/MSを用いた。その結果、PCA以外に、分子量258を有する化合物が認められた。MS/MS分析によって、この化合物がジケトピペラジン構造持つ可能性があると推定された。 , 本研究では日本料理及び西洋料理で使われる代表的なだしとして、昆布だし及びブイヨンを取り上げた。前者では、最良の品質を有する利尻昆布の特徴を明らかにすることができた。ブイヨンにおいては、最適条件で調理したブイヨンの呈味成分に関する特徴と加熱により変動するグルタミン誘導体の生成メカニズムを推察した。 , これらの成果は、より調理の実践に近いプロの料理人の知識や調理工程を科学的に解明すること、さらに調理法の発展や高品質の食品を提供することに資することができたと言えよう。

What Triggers the Difference between Externally and Internally Caused Eventualities? : A Probe into the Conceptual Structure of Sound Emission Verbs

Tue, 31 Jan 2012 +0900

Inoue, Kazuko ; (201107) ; 11th International Cognitive Linguistic Conference, International Cognitive Linguistics Association ; Xian International Studies University ; 11-17 July, 2011

マタイ、ルカ両福音書におけるマルコ14:51-52の共通削除について

Mon, 30 Jan 2012 +0900

溝田, 悟士 ; 欧米文化研究 : Studies in European and American culture no.17 page.63-78 (20101217) ; This article is intended as an investigation of the absence of the "fleeing youth" story (Mark 14:51-52) in Matthew and Luke. Based on "Markan priority" that the Gospel of Mark is the first Gospel, we are forced to think that both Matthew and Luke omitted Mk. (1Iark) 14:51-52. Many scholars have come to accept this "mutual omission" by regarding this "fleeing youth" as the author Mark himself. However, some scholars question this theory. Meanwhile, since the 1950s, the relationship between the "fleeing youth" and the "youth in Jesus empty tomb" (16:1-8) in Mark has been discussed. However, this theory cannot explain the "mutual omission" unless we modify the traditional interpretation of Mark. Therefore, we notice in Knox (1951) that a linen cloth ("sindon"), which the youth left in 14:51-52, is used as Jesus burial outfit (Mk. 15:46). Basically, the "lexical cohesion" is not only the relationship between 14:51-52 and 15:46, but also between 14:51-52 and 16:5. When the other Gospels were not written, the readers of Mark regarded Jesus outfit as the death itself that the youth left to save his life.Then, insofar as we base our reasoning on Markan priority, we cannot find any basis for regarding the youth of Mk. 16:5 as an angel. , Moreover, if the youth of 14:51-52 is recognized as the youth of 16:5, the youth of 16:5 should be equally a disciple as in 14:51-52. In return for Jesus death, the youth of Mk. 16:5 is a certain disciple who is resurrected from the death. Although Hamilton (1965) attempts to explain the empty tomb by the interpretation that people who rise from the dead are as angels that are in heaven in "the controversy with Sadducee" (Mk. 12:25), his opinion serves to explain the influence of the mutual omission of 14:51-52 in both Matthew and Luke. The author of Matthew added "the Saints Resurrection" (27-51-53) immediately after Jesus death. In Matthew, because both the "Saints Resurrection" incident and "empty tomb" story mention earthquakes, the two stories have lexical cohesion. Readers realize that the resurrection of the youth identified with a disciple in Mk.l6:5 coincides with Jesus death. , Moreover the author rewrote Marks "youth" in the empty tomb as "an angel of the Lord" (Mattew 28:2). The author of Luke rewrote Marks youth in the empty tomb as "two men" (24: 4). In the "Emmaus" story (24: 13-35), two disciples tell Jesus that the women recognized "two men" as "angels: This fact leads readers to the recognition that the persons who rise from the death resemble "angels" through human eyes. In common, their alterations are premised on "the controversy with Sadducee" in each Gospel.

English Vowel Spaces Produced by Japanese Speakers : The Smaller Point Vowels and the Greater Schwas

Mon, 30 Jan 2012 +0900

Tomita, Kaoru , Yamada, Jun , Takatsuka, Shigenobu ; Journal of psycholinguistic research Vol.39 no.5 page.375-391 (20091231) ; This study investigated how Japanese-speaking learners of English pronounce the three point vowels /i/, /u/, and /a/ appearing in the first and second monosyllabic words of English noun phrases, and the schwa /ə/ appearing in English disyllabic words. First and second formant (F1 and F2) values were measured for four Japanese speakers and two American English speakers. The hypothesis that the area encompassed by the point vowels in the F1-F2 vowel space tends to be smaller for the Japanese speakers than for the English speakers was verified. The hypothesis that the area formed by the three schwas in chicken, spoonful, and Tarzan is greater for the Japanese speakers than for the English speakers and its related hypothesis were largely upheld. Implications for further research are briefly discussed.

Shrinkage of the Mental Lexicon of Kanji in an Elderly Japanese Woman : The Effect of a 10-Year Passage of Time

Mon, 30 Jan 2012 +0900

Takashima, Hiroomi , Yamada, Jun ; Journal of cross-cultural gerontology Vol.25 no.1 page.105-115 (20091203) ; This investigation addressed the questions at what rate and how an elderly Japanese woman, AA, lost kanji nouns between the ages of 83 years and 93 years. Results from a kanji naming task given twice with a 10-year interval showed that (1) on average, the size of AAs mental lexicon of kanji shrank at a rate of approximately 1% per year and (2) while ease of acquisition had the highest correlation with naming performance followed by kanji frequency, age of acquisition, and visual complexity in this order, a logistic regression analysis identified ease of acquisition and age of acquisition as potent independent variables. Results of error analysis indicated that visual encoding errors were most prevalent. The decline in AAs mental lexicon is discussed in light of the rates of declines in object naming ability reported in previous studies. The concept of ease of acquisition and the dissociation between AAs general mental state and lexicon of kanji are also discussed.

東シナ海大陸斜面域で採集されたエビ類

Mon, 30 Jan 2012 +0900

山本, 圭介 , 長澤, 和也 ; 日本生物地理学会会報 Vol.66 page.27-39 (20111220) ; 1993年9月に東シナ海大陸斜面域で着底トロールを用いて11科32種のエビ類を採集した.ヒゲナガエビが最も多く採集され,これにツノナガチヒロエビとアワトゲヒラタエビが続いた.科毎の出現種数はタラバエビ科(7種)が最多であった.分布の中心となる水深帯は科毎に異なっていた.ミツトゲチヒロエビは我が国における2番目の記録であった.また,ソリハシヒメクダヒゲエビ,ボタンエビ,オキナエビ属の2種(サガミオキナエビとヤサオキナエビ)が東シナ海から初めて記録された. , The specimens of shrimps and lobsters collected from the continental slope of the East China Sea using a bottom trawl net in September 1993 contained 32 species in 11 families (Solenoceridae-2; Aristeidae-5; Penaeidae-2; Oplophoridae-3; Nematocarcinidae-1; Pasiphaeidae-2; Psalidopodidae-1; Pandalidae-7; Glyphocrangonidae-2; Polychelidae-3; Nephropidae-4). The pandarids were the most specious. Haliporoides sibogae was most abundantly collected, followed by Aristeus virilis and Glyphocrangon perplexa. The vertical distribution patterns were different between families. The collection of Plesiopenaeus armatuswere represents the second record from Japan. Hymenopenaeus halli, Pandalus nipponensis, Nephropsis serrata and N.holthuisi were collected for the first time from the East China Sea.

日本産魚類に寄生するヒトガタムシ科カイアシ類の目録(1898-2011年)

Mon, 30 Jan 2012 +0900

長澤, 和也 , 上野, 大輔 ; 日本生物地理学会会報 Vol.66 page.17-25 (20111220) ; 1898-2011年に出版された文献に基づき,日本産魚類から記録された以下のヒトガタムシ科カイアシ類11種および未同定種2種に関する情報(異名リスト,宿主,寄生部位,地理的分布,文献)を種ごとに整理した:ツバサヒトガタムシ(新称) Lernanthropinus sauridae, マルツバサヒトガタムシ(新称) Lernanthropinus sphyraenae, タイノヒトガタムシLernanthropus atrox, サガミヒトガタムシ(新称) Lernanthropus belones, クロダイノヒトガタムシ(改称) Lernanthropus chrysophyrs, ダツノヒトガタムシ(新称) Lernanthropus cornutus, ニベノヒトガタムシ(新称) Lernanthropus gisleri, ブリノヒトガタムシ(改称) Lernanthropus seriolae, シシドヒトガタムシLernanthropsis mugilii, アシナガヒトガタムシ(新称) Mitrapus heteropodus, ヨロイヒトガタムシ(新称) Sagum epinepheliおよび未同定種Lernanthropus sp. 1とLernanthropus sp. 2. また,Lernanthropinus,Lernanthropsis,Mitrapus,Sagumの各属にツバサヒトガタムシ,シンヒトガタムシ,アシナガヒトガタムシ,ヨロイヒトガタムシの新標準和名を提唱した.今後の研究課題として,亜熱帯海域におけるヒトガタムシ類相に関する研究のほか,各種の生態や生活史研究の必要性を述べた. , Based on the literature published between 1898 and 2011, a checklist is compiled for the following 11 nominal species and two unidentified species of the copepod family Lernanthropidae from Japanese fishes: Lernanthropinus sauridae, Lernanthropinus sphyraenae, Lernanthropus atrox, Lernanthropus belones, Lernanthropus chrysophyrs, Lernanthropus cornutus, Lernanthropus gisleri, Lernanthropus seriolae, Lernanthropsis mugilii, Mitrapus heteropodus, Sagum epinepheli, Lernanthropus sp. 1, and Lernanthropus sp. 2. This checklist contains information for each lernanthropid species regarding its host(s), attachment site, known geographical distribution in Japanese waters, and references.

日本産魚類に寄生するチョウ属エラオ類の目録(1900-2009年)

Mon, 30 Jan 2012 +0900

長澤, 和也 ; 日本生物地理学会会報 Vol.64 page.135-148 (20091220) ; 1900-2009年に出版された文献に加えて,滋賀県立琵琶湖博物館に保管されている標本と栃木県中禅寺湖産ブラウントラウトから得られた標本の観察結果に基づき,以下の日本産チョウ属9種と未同定種に関する情報(異名リスト,宿主,寄生部位,地理的分布)を種ごとに整理した:マルミチョウ(新称) Argulus americanus, ホソウミチョウ Argulus caecus, チョウモドキ Argulus coregoni, チョウ Argulus japonicus, クサフグウミチョウ Argulus kusafugu, ツワモノチョウ(新称) Argulus lepidostei またはその類似種, マツイウミチョウ Argulus matuii, オノダウミチョウ Argulus onodai, ウミチョウ Argulus scutiformis, 淡水産未同定種 Argulus spp., 海産未同定種 Argulus spp. 本目録でブラウントラウト(サケ科)とコクレン(コイ科)をそれぞれわが国におけるチョウモドキとチョウの新宿主として追加した. , Based on the literature published between the years 1900 and 2009 and an examination of argulid specimens deposited at Lake Biwa Museum and collected in Lake Chuzenji, a synopsis is compiled for the following 9 named species and unspecified species in Japan, which belong to the genus Argulus: A. americanus, A. caecus, A. coregoni, A. japonicus, A. kusafugu, A. lepidostei or its similar species, A. matuii, A. onodai, A. scutiformis, Argulus spp. (freshwater) and Argulus spp. (marine). Of these species, A. americanus and A. lepidostei or its similar species were introduced from the U.S.A to aquaria in Japan. This synopsis contains information for each species on its habitat (freshwater or marine), species of host(s), attachment site(s) and known geographical distribution in Japanese waters. Brown trout Salmo trutta (Salmonidae) and bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis (Cyprinidae) are recorded herein as new hosts in Japan for A. coregoni and A. japonicus, respectively.

バランスト・スコアカードの役割と可能性 : 社会におけるコミュニケーション円滑化への貢献

Fri, 27 Jan 2012 +0900

八島, 雄士

Impacts of urbanization on national residential energy use and CO2 emissions : Evidence from low-, middle- and high-income countries

Fri, 27 Jan 2012 +0900

Poumanyvong, Phetkeo , Kaneko, Shinji , Dhakal, Shobhakar ; IDEC DP2 Series Vol.2 no.5 page.1-35 (201201) ; Despite several previous studies, the potential differential impact of urbanization on energy consumption and CO_2 emissions across stages of development has rarely been investigated. This paper attempts to fill this knowledge gap by examining the influence of urbanization on national residential energy use and emissions in low-, middle- and high-income countries. Using the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology (STIRPAT)model and a sample of 88 countries for the period 1975-2005, interestingly, the results suggest that urbanization decreases residential energy use in the low-income countries, while it increases residential energy use in the high-income countries. In the middle-income countries, household energy consumption first falls and then rises with urbanization with a turning point at about 70%. Conversely, based on a sample of 80 countries over the same period, this study shows that urbanization increases residential emissions in the low- and middle-income countries, whereas the residential emissions of the high-income countries rise initially and decline subsequently with urbanization with a turning point at around 66%. These findings imply that urbanization brings with it both costs and benefits. These tradeoffs should be considered in future discussions of global energy and climate change policies.

Origin of Rose of Sharon : An Analysis of Various Translat ions Having a Bearing on The Authorized Version Text

Thu, 26 Jan 2012 +0900

溝田, 悟士 ; 愛知大学大学院国際コミュニケーション科 2007年度修士論文

デジタルサイネージにおける画面デザインの研究

Thu, 26 Jan 2012 +0900

遠藤, 潤一

サリンジャーなんかこわくない : クラフツマン・サリンジャーの挑戦 : テキストの重層化とポストモダン的試み

Wed, 25 Jan 2012 +0900

新田, 玲子 ; (200402) ; 2004年2月発行の同書を、2012年1月に改訂した著者原稿

D-サイクロセリン生産菌の自己耐性機構 : その生化学的および構造生物学的研究

Tue, 24 Jan 2012 +0900

野田, 正文

静脈・経腸栄養療法における栄養処方支援システムの構築と臨床応用に関する研究

Tue, 24 Jan 2012 +0900

増田, 修三

ザンビア共和国における本質的学習環境の実践に基づく数学の授業開発研究

Tue, 24 Jan 2012 +0900

中和, 渚

ガザミ幼生の真菌症の防除に関する研究

Tue, 24 Jan 2012 +0900

安信, 秀樹 ; ガザミPortunus trituberculatusの栽培漁業は1960年代の漁獲量の減少を回復させるべく実施され,その効果が認められて全国で盛んに種苗放流事業が行われるようになった。しかし,頻発する疾病による大量斃死が,種苗の安定生産を図る上での最大の阻害要因となってきた。特に,真菌症は多くの生産機関で報告され,発生した機関での総飼育例数に対する真菌症の割合は50%以上の飼育例にのぼり,壊滅的な被害を受けて生産不能になった機関もある。 , 本研究は,ガザミ幼生に発生する真菌症の防除対策として,原因真菌の生理学的特性を利用した防除法を開発すべく,種々の検討をおこなったものである。得られた結果は以下のように要約される(第I章:序論,第VII章:総合考察)。 , ガザミ真菌症の発生状況(第II章) , ひょうご豊かな海づくり協会(以下,ひょう豊協)における真菌症の発生状況を調査した。真菌症は1990年に初めて発生したが,その年の被害は軽微であった。しかし,1992年および1993年には,真菌症の発生防除を目的として,当時全国的に行われていたふ化水槽でのホルマリン薬浴を実施していたにもかかわらず,真菌症が多発して壊滅的な被害を受けた。飼育環境をみると水温と真菌症発生数について一定の傾向は見られなかったが,飼育水槽のpHが高い時には真菌症で全滅することがなく,また,真菌症の発生はガザミ幼生の発育段階が早い時期に多発する傾向があり,メガロパでの発生がないことが明らかとなった。 , 原因真菌の分離,同定および生理学的性状(第III章) , 1993年および1994年のひょう豊協におけるガザミ種苗生産において,真菌症発生時に感染個体から真菌を分離した。いずれも形態学的特徴から卵菌綱,クサリフクロカビ目のHalocrusticida okinawaensisに同定された。本菌の感染ステージである遊走子を培地に接種すると休眠胞子が発芽して菌糸が伸張するので,遊走子を各種培地に接種する方法で生理学的性状を調べた。本菌は,15～35℃の範囲で増殖可能であったが,35℃での増殖は極めて微弱であった。また,塩分濃度が低くなるにしたがい増殖量は減少し,3/4海水で有意に低下した。pH5～9の範囲で増殖が認められたが,pH9.0を越えると増殖は認められなかった。このことから,幼生の飼育に3/4海水もしくはpH9.25海水を用いることにより,真菌症を防除できる可能性が考えられた。 , Halocrusticida okinawaensisの病原性(第IV章) , 分離菌はガザミゾエアI期およびIII期幼生に対して病原性を示したが,発育が進んだゾエアIII期幼生では感受性は低下した。感染個体からは供試菌が再分離されたことから,1993年および1994年のひょう豊協における真菌被害はH. okinawaensisが原因であることが明らかになった。感染実験において,分離菌はガザミ以外にも供試した5種類の甲殻類すべてに感染性を示したことから,H. okinawaensisの宿主特異性は低いと考えられた。実験感染では水温15℃～30℃まで感染がみられ,水温が高いほど感染率も高くなった。 , 飼育水のpH調整によるH. okinawaensis感染防除対策(第V章) , 1)まず,ガザミ幼生への実験感染に対する「飼育水のpH9.25調整」の感染防除効果について検討し,次に,自然感染に対する効果をみた(第1節)。実験感染に対して,pH8では感染および死亡が確認されたが,pH9.25では感染,死亡とも全く認められないか,わずかに認められる程度だった。同じガザミ親由来のふ化幼生をpH調整しない水槽とpHを9.25に調整した水槽で飼育し,真菌症の自然発生を調べたところ,pHを9.25に調整した水槽では真菌症の発生はなかったが,pHを調整しなかった水槽では真菌症が発生して全滅した。 , 2)飼育水のpH9.25調整法を実際のガザミ種苗生産に利用するため,ガザミ(卵・幼生),飼育水に添加するナンノクロロプシス,および餌料生物に対するpHの影響をみた(第2節)。産卵後間もないガザミ卵ではpHの上昇に伴う発生率の低下はほとんど認められず,ふ化間近の卵もpH9.25下での悪影響はなかった。アンモニアの毒性はpHの上昇により高まるが,通常の種苗生産の飼育水のアンモニア濃度(0.5μg/mL)ではpH9.25下でのガザミ幼生に対する毒性はみられなかった。ナンノクロロプシスには,pHの上昇とともに逆に細胞数が増加するという好影響を与えた。餌料生物であるワムシとアルテミアはpH8～10では悪影響は受けなかった。ガザミ幼生はpH9.25では長期的にも悪影響を受けなかったため,事業生産規模で飼育水のpHを9.25にした試験を実施した結果,真菌症は発生せず,また幼生の活力にも問題なく順調に生産することができた。 , 3)ガザミの種苗生産は高水温時にも行われることがあることから,幼生の生残に対するpH9.25調整飼育水の短期的および長期的影響を異なる水温で検討した(第3節)。アンモニア濃度(0～8μg/mL)とガザミ幼生の生残率の関係をpH(9.25と8)と温度(20℃,25℃および30℃)条件を変えて調べたところ,pHでみればpH9.25の場合がpH8より,水温でみれば30℃の場合が20℃あるいは25℃の場合より,短期的(24時間)にはアンモニアの毒性が強くなった。しかし,通常の飼育水のアンモニア濃度ではpH9.25のガザミゾエアの生残に対する短期的な悪影響はなかった。一方,長期的(ゾエアI～ゾエアIV期,7～14日)には,pH9.25の悪影響が通常の飼育水のアンモニア濃度であっても水温27℃以上において認められたことから,高pHによる真菌症の防除方法は水温27℃未満で実施する必要があると考えられた。 , 4)飼育水のpHが異なれば,飼育水の細菌叢も異なる可能性がある。ガザミゾエア初期幼生は飼育水中の細菌を摂食することが知られていることから,通常飼育と高pH飼育における飼育水の総菌数とVibrio属菌数を比較した(第4節)。pHを9.25に調整している間,総菌数はpH9.25調整した方が有意に高かった。一方,ガザミに対して栄養価が低いとされるVibrio菌数は有意に低かった。この現象に加えて高pHではナンノクロロプシスが良好に維持されることが作用して,pHを9.25に維持する飼育方法は,通常飼育より好成績をもたらすと考えられた。 , 5)H. okinawaensisに対するpH9.25の感染防御機構について検討した。pH9.25は感染ステージである遊走子の放出数には影響しなかったが,休眠胞子の生残時間をわずかに短縮した。pH9.25は遊走子の運動性に影響を与えたが,ガザミの甲殻に対する付着には影響しなかった(第5節第1項)。これらの結果から,pH9.25の感染防御はH. okinawaensisの遊走子以降の増殖抑制が主たる役割を果たし,遊走子の生残時間の短縮が補助的に作用していると考えられた。このpH9.25のH. okinawaensisの遊走子以降の増殖抑制の機構について検討したところ,発芽した菌糸に対してはpH9.25の増殖抑制効果が全くないことが明らかになり(第5節第2項),遊走子がpH9.25でほとんど増殖しない要因は休眠胞子からの発芽抑制であると考えられた。以上のことから,pH9.25によるH. okinawaensis感染防御機構は休眠胞子の発芽抑制が中核をなし,休眠胞子の生残時間の短縮が補助的に作用していると考えられた。 , pH調整防除法の応用(第VI章) , 1)ガザミ類の種苗生産過程では様々なクサリフクロカビ目の菌が分離されているので,H. okinawaensis以外のガザミ幼生病原菌に対するpH9.25調整法の有効性を調べた(第1節)。Halocrusticida parasiticaおよびHaliphthoros属2株はpH9.25下では,増殖が抑制され,ガザミ幼生およびアルテミアを用いた感染試験でもpH9.25で100%感染が抑えられる場合や,pH8の場合の1/2程度になる場合もあったが,pH9.25調整法はHalocrusticida parasiticaおよびHaliphthoros属2株の感染を軽減する効果はあると判断された｡これらに比べてLagenidium callinectesではpH9.25でもpH8と同程度の増殖で,pH9.25処理での感染防除効果は全く認められなかったので,L.callinectesに関してはpH9.25調整法以外の対策を講じる必要がある｡ , 2)ひょう豊協ではLagenidium属の真菌症が高pH調整下でも散発的に発生しているので,Lagenidium属真菌対策に資するため,その生理学的性状(pH,温度,塩分)をあらためて調べた(第2節)。L. callinectesはpHが低くなるにつれ増殖量は低下し,pH6ではほとんど増殖しなかった。本真菌は高水温ほどよく増殖し,塩分を含まない培地でも増殖が認められた。これらのことから,Lagenidium属真菌による真菌症が多発する場合は,飼育水のpHを6程度に調整する方法および高水温を避けた22～23℃の水温で生産する方法が検討に値すると考えられた。 , なお,H. okinawaensis防除のために開発したpH9.25調整法は,これまで西日本を中心に各地の生産機関で利用され,ガザミ種苗の安定生産に寄与している。従って,本法はLagenidium属真菌は別として,H. okinawaensis以外の複数種の真菌に対しても優れた防除効果を有していると推測される。

運転者の通常時ならびに緊急時の行動特性に関する研究

Tue, 24 Jan 2012 +0900

宇野, 宏

スキージャンプ踏み切り局面が初期飛行局面に及ぼす影響 : バイオメカニクス的観点から

Tue, 24 Jan 2012 +0900

山辺, 芳

大学生用援助要請意図尺度の作成の試み

Fri, 20 Jan 2012 +0900

中岡, 千幸 , 兒玉, 憲一 ; 総合保健科学 Vol.25 page.11-17 (20090331) ; The psychological barriers that hinder college students to undergo student counseling are called service gap. To clarify the factors affecting help-seeking behavior among college students,we need a reliable and valid instrument to measure college students intention of seeking counseling. The purpose of this study was to develop Intention of Seeking Counseling Inventory for College Students,and examined its reliability and validity. The Inventory was developed, based on Cash, Begley,McCown,and Weises Intention of Seeking Counseling Inventory (1975). Factor analysis suggested three-factor solution and sufficient internal consistency. The first subscale,Psychological and Interpersonal Concerns,included 10 items (α=.92). The second subscale,Academic Concerns, contained 4 items (α=.84). The third subscale,Health Concerns had 3 items(α=.78). Examination of the validity of the Inventory confirmed that it had comparatively high validity. Finally,implications for future research were discussed.

Spatial Spillover of Governance and Institutional Quality : A Spatial Econometric Approach

Fri, 20 Jan 2012 +0900

Hosseini, Hossein Mirshojaeian , Kaneko, Shinji ; IDEC DP2 Series Vol.2 no.3 page.1-27 (201201) ; The failure of Washington consensus increased the attention of researchers andpolicymakers on improving institutional quality of countries. Different empirical studies have been done to find determinants of institutional quality especially at global scales. This paper represents a complementary approach on previous efforts by developing spatial spillover of governance as a determinant of institutional quality. In fact, this paper attempts to answer to the question: how much can the institutional quality of neighboring countries explain good governance of a country and what is the share of this variable among the other determinants? To answer these questions, spatial econometric approach is adopted. Paper reveals that spatial governance spillover can explain about 2027772523420f governance quality of countries and consequently is one of the serous determinants of institutional quality when the concept of contiguity gets wider than land borders.

Phytosociological Studies on the Beech Forest of Mt. Hakusan, Japan, with Particular Reference to the Relation between Vegetation Units and Soil Types

Fri, 20 Jan 2012 +0900

Hukusima, Tukasa ; Journal of science of the Hiroshima University. Series B. Div. 2, Botany Vol.18 page.57-113 (1982)

Pattern and determinants of public budget allocation to border regions in Iran

Fri, 20 Jan 2012 +0900

Hosseini, Hossein Mirshojaeian , Kaneko, Shinji ; IDEC DP2 Series Vol.2 no.4 page.1-32 (201201) ; The historical centripetal behavior of the government has made the border regions as periphery of the central areas in Iran. The regional disparities in Iran root in the economic structure of the country. Iran is one of the main exporters of petroleum and natural gas. The huge revenues of natural resources have reduced the dependence of central government to domestic economic activities and made Iran one of the closest economies in the world. This paper studies the pattern and determinants of public budget allocation to the border regions in Iran over the period 1989-2007. The results show that different characteristics of the border provinces such as geographical position, economic conditions, type of borders, distances from the capital, and natural resource richness influence the level and trend of their realized budgets.

High thermoelectric performance of Cu substituted type-VIII clathrate Ba8Ga16-xCuxSn30 single crystals

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Deng, Shukang , Saiga, Yuta , Kajisa, Kousuke , Takabatake, Toshiro ; Journal of Applied Physics Vol.109 no.10 page.103704-1-103704-4 (20110518) ; Single crystalline samples of type-VIII clathrate Ba_8Ga_<16-x>Cu_xSn_<30> (0 ≤x ≤ 0.033) were prepared by the Sn-flux method. Upon substituting Cu for Ga, the carrier mobility at 300 K increases twice while the carrier density stays in the range 3.1-4.2×10^<19>/cm3. Consequently, the electrical resistivity is decreased from 5.3 mΩcm for x=0 to 3.2 mΩcm for x=0.033. Irrespective of x, the Seebeck coefficient is largely negative and linearly changes with temperature in the range 300

Scaling study of the gluon propagator in Coulomb gauge QCD on isotropic and anisotropic lattices

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Nakagawa, Yoshiyuki , Nakamura, Atsushi , Saito, Takuya , Toki, Hiroshi ; Physical Review D Vol.83 page.114503-1-114503-14 (20110601) ; We calculate the transverse and time-time components of the instantaneous gluon propagator in Coulomb gauge QCD by using an SU(3) quenched lattice simulation on isotropic and anisotropic lattices. We find that the gluon propagators suffer from strong discretization effects on the isotropic lattice; on the other hand, those on the anisotropic lattices give a better scaling. Moreover, on these two type of lattices the transverse parts are significantly suppressed in the infrared region and have a turnover at about 500 [MeV]. The high resolution to the temporal direction due to the anisotropy yields small discretization errors for the time-time gluon propagators, which also show an infrared enhancement as expected in the Gribov-Zwanziger confinement scenario.

Electronic structure of YbGa1.15Si0.85 and YbGaxGe2-x probed by resonant x-ray emission and photoelectron spectroscopies

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Yamaoka, Hitoshi , Jarrige, Ignace , Tsujii, Naohito , Imai, Motoharu , Lin, Jung-Fu , Matsunami, Masaharu , Eguchi, Ritsuko , Arita, Masashi , Shimada, Kenya , Namatame, Hirofumi , Taniguchi, Masaki , Taguchi, Munetaka , Senba, Yasunori , Ohashi, Haruhiko , Hiraoka, Nozomu , Ishii, Hirofumi , Tsuei, Ku-Ding ; Physical Review B Vol.83 no.10 page.104525-1-104525-10 (20110331) ; We performed an x-ray spectroscopic study combining resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy (RXES) and photoelectron spectroscopy on the superconducting ternary silicide YbGa_<1.15>Si_<0.85> and nonsuperconducting ternary germanide YbGa_xGe_<2-x> (x = 1.0 and 1.1). The Yb valence for all three compounds is found to be about 2.3. In YbGa_<1.15>Si_<0.85> no temperature dependence of the Yb valence is observed in the RXES spectra in the temperature range of 7-300 K, while the valence shows a drastic increase under pressure from the Yb^<2+> state partially including itinerant electrons to the localized Yb^<3+> state. Differences are observed in the valence-band spectra of the photoelectron spectroscopy between YbGa_<1.15>Si_<0.85> and YbGa_xGe_<2-x>, which may be attributed to the difference of crystal structure. We conclude that both the crystal structure of the planar GaSi layer in YbGa_<1.15>Si_<0.85> and the resultant electronic structure may have a crucial role in the occurrence of superconductivity.

Optical Conductivity Spectral Anomalies in the Off-Center Rattling System β-Ba8Ga16Sn30

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Mori, T. , Iwamoto, K. , Kushibiki, S. , Honda, H. , Matsumoto, H. , Toyota, N. , Avila, M. A. , Suekuni, K. , Takabatake, T. ; Physical review letters Vol.106 no.1 page.015501-1-015501-4 (20110106) ; We present optical conductivity studies of the type-I clathrate Ba_8Ga_<16>Sn_<30>, using a terahertz time-domain spectrometer (0.3-3.0 THz). The lowest-lying spectral peak at 0.72 THz due to the Ba(2) ions off-center vibration in the oversized cage shows a drastic and anomalous temperature dependence. Below about 100 K, the single broad peak splits into two subpeaks, and with further lowering of the temperature, the spectral shape of this so-called rattling phonon shows non-Boltzmann broadening to the point that the linewidth becomes comparable to the peak frequency. Whereas the initial splitting can be understood by assuming a multiwell anharmonic potential, the strong linewidth broadening toward low temperature cannot, since the Boltzmann factor generally sharpens the low-temperature spectra. The observed behavior suggests strong interaction between the local anharmonic phonons and other excitations.

Nonet meson properties in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with dimensional versus cutoff regularization

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Inagaki, Tomohiro , Kimura, Daiji , Kohyama, Hiroaki , Kvinikhidze, A. ; Physical Review D Vol.83 page.034005-1-034005-11 (20110207) ; The Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with a Kobayashi-Maskawa-t Hooft term is one low energy effective theory of QCD which includes the U_A(1) anomaly. We investigate nonet meson properties in this model with three flavors of quarks. We employ two types of regularizations, the dimensional and sharp cutoff ones. The model parameters are fixed phenomenologically for each regularization. Evaluating the kaon decay constant, the η meson mass and the topological susceptibility, we show the regularization dependence of the results and discuss the applicability of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model.

Electronic structure of a narrow-gap semiconductor FeGa3 investigated by photoemission and inverse photoemission spectroscopies

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Arita, M. , Shimada, K. , Utsumi, Y. , Morimoto, O. , Sato, H. , Namatame, H. , Taniguchi, M. , Hadano, Y. , Takabatake, T. ; Physical Review B Vol.83 no.24 page.245116-1-245116-5 (20110622) ; We have performed a photoemission and inverse photoemission spectroscopic study of a narrow-gap semiconductor FeGa_3, in order to characterize the occupied and unoccupied electronic states. The energy-gap size was found to be ～0.4 eV, and the valence-band maximum (VBM) was located around the A point of the Brillouin zone. We observed a dispersive Ga 4sp derived band near the Fermi level (E_F), and Fe 3d narrow bands located at -0.5 and -1.1 eV away from E_F. In contrast to the case of FeSi, there was no temperature-dependent peak enhancement at the VBM on cooling. The observed density of states and band dispersions were reasonably reproduced by the LDA+U calculation with the on-site effective Coulomb interaction U_ ～3 eV to the Fe 3d states. Present results indicate that, in spite of sizable U_/W ～0.6 (W: band width), electron correlation effects are not significant in FeGa_3 compared with FeSi since the VBM consists of the dispersive band with the reduced Fe 3d contribution, and the energy gap is large.

Neutron one-quasiparticle states in 251Fm151 populated via the α decay of 255No

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Asai, M. , Tsukada, K. , Haba, H. , Ishii, Y. , Ichikawa, T. , Toyoshima, A. , Ishii, T. , Nagame, Y. , Nishinaka, I. , Kojima, Y. , Sueki, K. ; Physical Review C Vol.83 page.014315-1-014315-12 (20110127) ; Excited states in ^<251>Fm populated via the α decay of ^<255>No are studied in detail through α-γ coincidence and α fine-structure measurements. Five excited states reported previously in ^<251>Fm are firmly established through the α-γ coincidence measurement, and rotational bands built on one-quasiparticle states are newly established through the α fine-structure measurement. Spin-parities and neutron configurations of the excited states in ^<251>Fm as well as the ground state of ^<255>No are definitely identified on the basis of deduced internal conversion coefficients, lifetimes of γ transitions, rotational-band energies built on one-quasiparticle states, and hindrance factors of α transitions. It is found that the excitation energy of the 1/2+[620] state in N=151 isotones increases with the atomic number, especially at Z⩾100, while that of the 1/2+[631] state decreases at Z=100. Ground-state deformations and energies of neutron one-quasiparticle states in the N=151 isotones are calculated using a macroscopic-microscopic model, and the energy systematics of the one-quasiparticle states in the isotones are discussed in terms of the evolution of nuclear deformation involving the hexadecapole (β_4) and hexacontatetrapole (β_6) deformations.

Tracking the Effects of Interactions on Spinons in Gapless Heisenberg Chains

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Caux, Jean-Sebastien , Konno, Hitoshi , Sorrell, Mark , Weston, Robert ; Physical review letters Vol.106 no.21 page.217203-1-217203-4 (20110525) ; We consider the effects of interactions on spinon excitations in Heisenberg spin-1/2 chains. We compute the exact two-spinon part of the longitudinal structure factor of the infinite chain in zero field for all values of anisotropy in the gapless antiferromagnetic regime, via an exact algebraic approach. Our results allow us to quantitatively describe the behavior of these fundamental excitations throughout the observable continuum, for cases ranging from free to fully coupled chains, thereby explicitly mapping the effects of “turning on the interactions" in a strongly correlated system.

メタ認知を育成する理科学習指導に関する実践的研究 : 高等学校化学領域の観察・実験活動に着目して

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

草場, 実

一般病棟の看護師を対象とした終末期がん患者と家族を支援する看取りケア実践教育プログラムの開発と有効性の検証

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

吉岡, さおり ; 【研究の背景と目的】 , がん死亡者数が年間30万人を超える現代において、その約90%は一般病棟で死亡している現状にあり、一般病棟の看護師による終末期のがん患者とその家族に対する質の高いケアの提供は重要な課題となっている。しかし、一般病棟におけるケアの現状は、日常生活援助などの身体的ケアが中心であり、家族の看取りを支えるケアに関しては十分に実施されていないことが先行研究から明らかとなった。 , そこで本研究では、「患者を含む家族を1つのケアユニットと捉え、家族の看取りを支援するために看護師が終末期のがん患者と家族に行うケア行動」を看取りケアと定義し、1)ケア実践における課題、つまり、実践に関連する要因を明らかにし、2)その結果を基に一般病棟の看護師を対象とした看取りケア実践教育プログラムを作成した。そして、3)看取りケア実践教育プログラムを一般病棟の看護師に対して展開し、プログラムの有効性を検討した。これらの目的の達成において、研究1～3を段階的に展開した。 , 【研究方法と結果】 , 研究1:一般病棟の看護師による看取りケア実践に関連する要因の質的分析 , 研究2における質問紙作成の基礎資料とすることを目的に、がん看護専門看護師4名に面接調査を実施した。緩和ケアチームメンバーや病棟師長の立場で一般病棟の看護師と関わる対象者の教育的視点から、看取りケア実践の関連要因についての語りを得た。 , 分析の結果、看護師の態度に影響する【看取りに関する個々の看護師の看護観】【看取りにおける役割意識】【チーム内の質の高い情報の共有】【スタッフ間の相互作用による看取りに対するチームの価値観の形成】【看取りに関する個々の看護師の体験】、知識・技術に関する【症状緩和に関する基本的知識と実践能力】【家族看護に関する基本的知識】【社会資源に関する基本的知識】【終末期看護に必要な理論の基本的知識と実践のリンケージ】【コミュニケーションスキル】の10要因が抽出された。 , また、これらの要因は、「態度」→「知識・技術」→「看取りケア」の順に段階性を持つと仮定した。従って研究2では、関連要因の分析に加え、仮説モデルの適切性の検討が課題となった。 , 研究2:一般病棟の看護師による看取りケア実践に関連する要因の量的分析 , 看取りケア実践の関連要因の特定を目的に、一般病棟の看護師を対象に質問紙調査を実施した。質問紙は、看取りケアの実践能力を測定する看取りケア尺度(吉岡ら,2009)に加え、研究1で得られたカテゴリーに基づく、看取りケアに対する態度を測定するFATCOD-B-J(中井ら,2006)、Death Attitude Inventory(DAI)(平井ら,2000)、看護師のコミュニケーションスキル測定尺度(上野,2005)、理論やモデルを用いた看護展開能力を測定する、看護師の自律性尺度第IV因子(菊池ら,1997)、知識の程度の認識、所属チームに対する評価項目、属性、学習経験などから構成した。 , 調査の結果、337の有効回答が得られた(回収率56%、有効回答率93%)。看取りケア尺度を従属変数とする重回帰分析の結果、「態度」に関連する要因として、所属チームに対する評価(β=.14,p<.01)、FATCOD-B-J:死にゆく患者へのケアの前向きさ(β=.12,p<.05)、実践の手本有(β=.10,p<.10)、DAI:解放としての死(β=.09,p<.05)が抽出された。また、「知識・技術」に関連する要因として、家族アセスメントに関する知識(β=.28,p<.01)、理論やモデルを用いた看護展開能力(β=.19,p<.01)、症状コントロールに関する知識(β=.13,p<.05)、研修会への参加(β=.11,p<.05)が抽出された。調整済みR2=.48であった。 , さらに、これらの要因を観測変数とする仮説モデルの共分散構造分析を実施した結果、統計学的許容範囲内の適合度指数が得られ(GFI=.913,AGFI=.869,CFI=.923,RMSEA=.087)、卒後の継続教育による実践能力の向上を表すモデルとして妥当であることが示唆された。 , 研究3:一般病棟の看護師を対象とした看取りケア実践教育プログラムの展開と教育効果の評価 , 看取りケア実践教育プログラムを作成して展開した。プログラムの内容は、研究2で抽出された「知識・技術」の関連要因を根拠に、①家族アセスメントの基礎知識、②症状コントロールの基礎知識、③看取りケアに関する理論やモデルの基礎知識と実践への応用とした。また、所属チームに対する評価が「態度」に関連していたことから、同一病棟メンバーでグループを編成し、グループディスカッション、事例発表会を取り入れた5回構成のプログラムとした。 , 参加者はA施設の一般病棟看護師25名とし、欠席および質問紙に不備の無い22名を分析対象とした。研究デザインは対照群を設定しない前後比較介入研究とし、介入前、終了直後、終了後2ヶ月に評価を行った。 , 教育効果として、主要アウトカムである看取りケアの実践能力は終了直後に有意に上昇し(p<.01)、2ヶ月後も維持されていた。看取りケアに対する自信、知識についても同様であった。態度については、介入前から高水準にあった得点が終了直後にさらに上昇し、2ヶ月後には介入前とほぼ同水準を保っていた。また、教育方法、グループ編成ともに、教育効果を高める展開方法であったことが示唆された。有用性においても高い評価が得られた。 , 【総括】 , 本研究では、一般病棟の看護師を対象とした看取りケア実践教育プログラムを開発し、その有効性を検討した。プログラムの内容と展開方法は、面接調査(研究1)の質的分析に基づいて作成した質問紙調査(研究2)の結果を根拠に、家族アセスメント、症状コントロールに関する内容を理論やモデルと関連付けながら看護チームを基盤に学習する方法とした。 , 研究3の研究デザインは対照群を設定しない前後比較介入研究とし、プログラムを展開した。分析対象は22名であった。評価指標の分析の結果、看取りケア実践教育プログラムは、看取りケア実践能力の向上に寄与するプログラムであることが示され、その有効性が示唆された。今後は、本プログラムを一般病院に所属する専門看護師や認定看護師と協働した院内研修として企画し、汎用していくことが課題である。

miR-22 represses cancer progression by inducing cellular senescence

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Xu, Dan , Takeshita, Fumitaka , Hino, Yumiko , Fukunaga, Saori , Kudo, Yasusei , Tamaki, Aya , Matsunaga, Junko , Takahashi, Ryou-u , Takata, Takashi , Shimamoto, Akira , Ochiya, Takahiro , Tahara, Hidetoshi ; The journal of cell biology Vol.193 no.2 page.409-424 (20110418) ; Cellular senescence acts as a barrier to cancer progression, and microRNAs (miRNAs) are thought to be potential senescence regulators. However, whether senescence-associated miRNAs (SA-miRNAs) contribute to tumor suppression remains unknown. Here, we report that miR-22, a novel SA-miRNA, has an impact on tumorigenesis. miR-22 is up-regulated in human senescent fibroblasts and epithelial cells but down-regulated in various cancer cell lines. miR-22 overexpression induces growth suppression and acquisition of a senescent phenotype in human normal and cancer cells. miR-22 knockdown in presenescent fibroblasts decreased cell size, and cells became more compact. miR-22-induced senescence also decreases cell motility and inhibits cell invasion in vitro. Synthetic miR-22 delivery suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in vivo by inducing cellular senescence in a mouse model of breast carcinoma. We confirmed that CDK6, SIRT1, and Sp1, genes involved in the senescence program, are direct targets of miR-22. Our study provides the first evidence that miR-22 restores the cellular senescence program in cancer cells and acts as a tumor suppressor.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor arising from the greater omentum: Case report

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Miguchi, Masashi , Takakura, Yuji , Egi, Hiroyuki , Hinoi, Takao , Adachi, Tomohiro , Kawaguchi, Yasuo , Shinomura, Manabu , Tokunaga, Masakazu , Okajima, Masazumi , Ohdan, Hideki ; World journal of surgical oncology Vol.9 page.33 (20110321) ; Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare soft tissue tumors that arise from a peripheral nerve or exhibit nerve sheath differentiation. Most of these tumors arise on the trunk, extremities, or head and neck regions; they are very rarely located in the abdominal cavity. The patient was a 71-year-old man who was referred to our hospital for a mass and pain in the right lower abdomen. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a large (9 × 9 cm), well-circumscribed, lobulated, heterogeneously enhanced mass in the pelvis. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a large mass in the greater omentum, and the tumor was completely excised. Histopathological analysis revealed that the tumor was composed of spindle cells with high mitotic activity. On staining the tumor, positive results were obtained for S-100 but negative results were obtained for c-kit, cluster of differentiation (CD)34, α-smooth muscle actin, and desmin. These findings strongly supported a diagnosis of MPNST primarily arising from the greater omentum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an MPNST arising from the greater omentum. In this report, we have described the case of a patient with an MPNST arising from the greater omentum and have discussed the clinical characteristics and management of MPNSTs.

Uncertainty limits for quantum metrology obtained from the statistics of weak measurements

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Hofmann, Holger F ; Physical Review A Vol.83 page.022106-1-022106-5 (20110222) ; Quantum metrology uses small changes in the output probabilities of a quantum measurement to estimate the magnitude of a weak interaction with the system. The sensitivity of this procedure depends on the relation between the input state, the measurement results, and the generator observable describing the effect of the weak interaction on the system. This is similar to the situation in weak measurements, where the weak value of an observable exhibits a symmetric dependence on initial and final conditions. In this paper, it is shown that the phase sensitivity of a quantum measurement is in fact given by the variance of the imaginary parts of the weak values of the generator over the different measurement outcomes. It is then possible to include the limitations of a specific quantum measurement in the uncertainty bound for phase estimates by subtracting the variance of the real parts of the weak values from the initial generator uncertainty. This uncertainty relation can be interpreted as the time-symmetric formulation of the uncertainty limit of quantum metrology, where the real parts of the weak values represent the information about the generator observable in the final measurement result.

Detection of organophosphorus compound based on a sol-gel silica planar waveguide doped with a green fluorescent protein and an organophosphorus hydrolase

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Enami, Y. , Tsuchiya, K. , Suye, S. ; Applied Physics Letters Vol.98 no.23 page.233503-1-233503-3 (20110607) ; In this letter, the authors report the real-time detection of an organophosphorus compound using a sol-gel silica planar waveguide doped with a green fluorescent protein and an organophosphorus hydrolase on a yeast-cell surface display. The waveguide was pumped at 488 nm, and it emitted green fluorescence at the far field. The green fluorescent light at 550 nm changed by 50% from the original power 1 min after application of the organophosphorus compound. The results enable the real-time detection of sarin and other biochemicals by using an in-line fiber sensor network.

Characteristics of High-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic Acid as a Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Scaffold in Periodontal Tissue Regeneration

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Takeda, Katsuhiro , Sakai, Noriyuki , Shiba, Hideki , Nagahara, Takayoshi , Fujita, Tsuyoshi , Kajiya, Mikihito , Iwata, Tomoyuki , Matsuda, Shinji , Kawahara, Kazuko , Kawaguchi, Hiroyuki , Kurihara, Hidemi ; Tissue engineering. Part A. Vol.17 no.7-8 page.955-967 (2011) ; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), for which bovine collagen-derived atelocollagen is used as a scaffold, enhances periodontal tissue regeneration. However, a scaffold that does not contain unknown ingredients is preferable. Since the synthesized high-molecular-weight (HMW)-hyaluronic acid (HA) is safe and inexpensive, we evaluated the efficacy of HMW-HA as a BDNF scaffold. CD44, a major receptor of HA, was expressed in cultures of human periodontal ligament cells, and HMW-HA promoted the adhesion and proliferation of human periodontal ligament cells, although it did not influence the mRNA expression of bone (cementum)-related proteins. The in vitro release kinetics of BDNF from HMW-HA showed that BDNF release was sustained for 14 days. Subsequently, we examined the effect of BDNF/HMW-HA complex on periodontal tissue regeneration in dogs. A greater volume of newly formed alveolar bone and a longer newly formed cementum were observed in the BDNF/HMW-HA group than in the HMW-HA group, suggesting that HMW-HA assists the regenerative capacity of BDNF, although HMW-HA itself does not enhance periodontal tissue regeneration. Neither the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) group nor the BDNF/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) group enhanced periodontal tissue regeneration. In conclusion, HMW-HA is an adequate scaffold for the clinical application of BDNF.

KL-6 concentration in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid is a useful prognostic indicator in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Kondo, Tomohiro , Hattori, Noboru , Ishikawa, Nobuhisa , Murai, Hiroshi , Haruta, Yoshinori , Hirohashi, Nobuyuki , Tanigawa, Koichi , Kohno, Nobuoki ; Respiratory Research Vol.12 page.32 (20110322) ; Background: KL-6 is a mucin-like glycoprotein expressed on the surface of alveolar type II cells. Elevated concentrations of KL-6 in serum and epithelial lining fluid (ELF) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been previously reported; however, kinetics and prognostic significance of KL-6 have not been extensively studied. This study was conducted to clarify these points in ARDS patients. , Methods: Thirty-two patients with ARDS who received mechanical ventilation under intubation were studied for 28 days. ELF and blood were obtained from each patient at multiple time points after the diagnosis of ARDS. ELF was collected using a bronchoscopic microsampling procedure, and ELF and serum KL-6 concentrations were measured. , Results: KL-6 levels in ELF on days 0 to 3 after ARDS diagnosis were significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors, and thereafter, there was no difference in concentrations between the two groups. Serum KL-6 levels did not show statistically significant differences between nonsurvivors and survivors at any time point. When the highest KL-6 levels in ELF and serum sample from each patient were examined, KL-6 levels in both ELF and serum were significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors. The optimal cut-off values were set at 3453 U/mL for ELF and 530 U/mL for serum by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. Patients with KL-6 concentrations in ELF higher than 3453 U/mL or serum concentrations higher than 530 U/mL had significantly lower survival rates up to 90 days after ARDS diagnosis. , Conclusions: ELF and serum KL-6 concentrations were found to be good indicators of clinical outcome in ARDS patients. Particularly, KL-6 levels in ELF measured during the early period after the diagnosis were useful for predicting prognosis in ARDS patients.

Coherent Heavy Quasiparticles in a CePt5 Surface Alloy

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Klein, M. , Nuber, A. , Schwab, H. , Albers, C. , Tobita, N. , Higashiguchi, M. , Jiang, J. , Fukuda, S. , Tanaka, K. , Shimada, K. , Mulazzi, M. , Assaad, F.F. , Reinert, F. ; Physical review letters Vol.106 no.18 page.186407-1-186407-4 (20110506) ; We report on the results of a high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission study on the ordered surface alloy CePt_5. The temperature dependence of the spectra show the formation of the coherent low-energy heavy-fermion band near the Fermi level. These experimental data are supported by a multiband model calculation in the framework of the dynamical mean-field theory.

RF CMOS Integrated Circuit: History, Current Status and Future Prospects

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Ishihara, Noboru , Amakawa, Shuhei , Masu, Kazuya ; IEICE transactions on fundamentals of electronics, communications and computer sciences Vol.E94-A no.2 page.556-567 (201102) ; As great advancements have been made in CMOS process technology over the past 20 years, RF CMOS circuits operating in the microwave band have rapidly developed from component circuit levels to multiband/multimode transceiver levels. In the next ten years, it is highly likely that the following devices will be realized: (i) versatile transceivers such as those used in software-defined radios (SDR), cognitive radios (CR), and reconfigurable radios (RR); (ii) systems that operate in the millimeter-wave or terahertz-wave region and achieve high speed and large-capacity data transmission; and (iii) microminiaturized low-power RF communication systems that will be extensively used in our everyday lives. However, classical technology for designing analog RF circuits cannot be used to design circuits for the abovementioned devices since it can be applied only in the case of continuous voltage and continuous time signals; therefore, it is necessary to integrate the design of high-speed digital circuits, which is based on the use of discrete voltages and the discrete time domain, with analog design, in order to both achieve wideband operation and compensate for signal distortions as well as variations in process, power supply voltage, and temperature. Moreover, as it is thought that small integration of the antenna and the interface circuit is indispensable to achieve miniaturized micro RF communication systems, the construction of the integrated design environment with the Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) device etc. of the different kind devices becomes more important. In this paper, the history and the current status of the development of RF CMOS circuits are reviewed, and the future status of RF CMOS circuits is predicted.

Improvement of Detection Performance in DWT-Based Image Watermarking under Specified False Positive Probability

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Nakamoto, Masayoshi , Sayama, Kohei , Muneyasu, Mitsuji , Harano, Tomotaka , Ohno, Shuichi ; IEICE transactions on fundamentals of electronics, communications and computer sciences Vol.E94-A no.2 page.661-670 (201102) ; For copyright protection, a watermark signal is embedded in host images with a secret key, and a correlation is applied to judge the presence of watermark signal in the watermark detection. This paper treats a discrete wavelet transform (DWT)-based image watermarking method under specified false positive probability. We propose a new watermarking method to improve the detection performance by using not only positive correlation but also negative correlation. Also we present a statistical analysis for the detection performance with taking into account the false positive probability and prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. By using some experimental results, we verify the statistical analysis and show this method serves to improve the robustness against some attacks.

High-voltage testing of a 500-kV dc photocathode electron gun

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Nagai, Ryoji , Hajima, Ryoichi , Nishimori, Nobuyuki , Muto, Toshiya , Yamamoto, Masahiro , Honda, Yosuke , Miyajima, Tsukasa , Iijima, Hokuto , Kuriki, Masao , Kuwahara, Makoto , Okumi, Shoji , Nakanishi, Tsutomu ; Review of Scientific Instruments Vol.81 no.3 (2010) ; A high-voltage dc photocathode electron gun was successfully conditioned up to a voltage of 550 kV and a long-time holding test for 8 h was demonstrated at an acceleration voltage of 500 kV. The dc photocathode electron gun is designed for future light sources based on energy-recovery linac and consists of a Cockcroft-Walton generator, a segmented cylindrical ceramic insulator, guard-ring electrodes, a support-rod electrode, a vacuum chamber, and a pressurized insulating gas tank. The segmented cylindrical ceramic insulator and the guard-ring electrodes were utilized to prevent any damage to the insulator from electrons emitted by the support-rod electrode.

Effect of Trehalose on the Properties of Mutant γPKC, Which Causes Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 14, in Neuronal Cell Lines and Cultured Purkinje Cells

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Seki, Takahiro , Abe-Seki, Nana , Kikawada, Takahiro , Takahashi, Hideyuki , Yamamoto, Kazuhiro , Adachi, Naoko , Tanaka, Shigeru , Hide, Izumi , Saito, Naoaki , Sakai, Norio ; The Journal of Biological Chemistry Vol.285 no.43 page.33252-33264 (20100812) ; Several missense mutations in the protein kinase C gamma (gamma PKC) gene have been found to cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 14 (SCA14), an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. We previously demonstrated that the mutant gamma PKC found in SCA14 is susceptible to aggregation, which induces apoptotic cell death. The disaccharide trehalose has been reported to inhibit aggregate formation and to alleviate symptoms in cellular and animal models of Huntington disease, Alzheimer disease, and prion disease. Here, we show that trehalose can be incorporated into SH-SY5Y cells and reduces the aggregation of mutant gamma PKC-GFP, thereby inhibiting apoptotic cell death in SH-SY5Y cells and primary cultured Purkinje cells (PCs). Trehalose acts by directly stabilizing the conformation of mutant gamma PKC without affecting protein turnover. Trehalose was also found to alleviate the improper development of dendrites in PCs expressing mutant gamma PKC-GFP without aggregates but not in PCs with aggregates. In PCs without aggregates, trehalose improves the mobility and translocation of mutant gamma PKC-GFP, probably by inhibiting oligomerization and thereby alleviating the improper development of dendrites. These results suggest that trehalose counteracts various cellular dysfunctions that are triggered by mutant gamma PKC in both neuronal cell lines and primary cultured PCs by inhibiting oligomerization and aggregation of mutant gamma PKC.

Antiferroquadrupolar Ordering in a Pr-Based Superconductor PrIr2Zn20

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Onimaru, T. , Onimaru, Takahiro , Matsumoto, K. T. , Inoue, Y. F. , Umeo, Kazunori , Sakakibara, T. , Karaki, Y. , Kubota, M. , Takabatake, T. ; Physical review letters Vol.106 no.17 page.177001-1-177001-4 (20110429) ; An antiferroquadrupolar ordering at T_Q=0.11K has been found in a Pr-based superconductor PrIr_2Zn_<20>. The measurements of specific heat and magnetization revealed the non-Kramers Γ_3 doublet ground state with the quadrupolar degrees of freedom. The specific heat exhibits a sharp peak at T_Q=0.11K. The increment of T_Q in magnetic fields and the anisotropic B-T phase diagram are consistent with the antiferroquadrupolar ordered state below T_Q. The entropy release at T_Q is only 20% of Rln2, suggesting that the quadrupolar fluctuations play a role in the formation of the superconducting pairs below T_c=0.05K.

ガスケット付き箱型圧力容器締結体の応力解析と密封性能評価に関する研究

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

黒沢, 亮

河川感潮域における干潟環境の形成機構と改善手法

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

中下, 慎也

Direct binding of RalA to PKC eta and its crucial role in morphological change during keratinocyte differentiation

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Shirai, Yasuhito , Morioka, Shoko , Sakuma, Megumi , Yoshino, Ken-ichi , Otsuji, Chihiro , Sakai, Norio , Kashiwagi, Kaori , Chida, Kazuhiro , Shirakawa, Ryutaro , Horiuchi, Hisanori , Nishigori, Chikako , Ueyama, Takehiko , Saito, Naoaki ; Molecular biology of the cell Vol.22 no.8 page.1340-1352 (20110223) ; During differentiation, keratinocytes undergo a dramatic shape change from small and round to large and flat, in addition to production of proteins necessary for the formation of epidermis. It has been shown that protein kinase C (PKC) η is crucial for keratinocyte differentiation. However, its role in this process has yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we show that catalytic activity is not necessary for enlarged and flattened morphology of human keratinocytes induced by overexpression of PKCη, although it is important for gene expression of the marker proteins. In addition, we identify the small G protein RalA as a binding partner of PKCη, which binds to the C1 domain, an indispensable region for the morphological change. The binding led activation of RalA and actin depolymerization associated with keratinocyte differentiation. siRNA techniques proved that RalA is involved in not only the keratinocyte differentiation induced by PKCη overexpression but also normal keratinocyte differentiation induced by calcium and cholesterol sulfate. These results provide a new insight into the molecular mechanism of cytoskeletal regulation leading to drastic change of cell shape.

Electronic structure of BaNi2As2

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Zhou, Bo , Xu, Min , Zhang, Yan , Xu, Gang , He, Cheng , Yang, L. X. , Chen, Fei , Xie, B. P. , Cui, Xiao-Yu , Arita, Masashi , Shimada, Kenya , Namatame, Hirofumi , Taniguchi, Masaki , Dai, X. , Feng, D. L. ; Physical Review B Vol.83 no.3 page.035110-1-035110-8 (20110113) ; BaNi_2As_2, with a first-order phase transition around 131 K, is studied by the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The measured electronic structure is compared to the local-density approximation calculations, revealing similar large electronlike bands around M^^- and differences along Г^^- -X^^-. We further show that the electronic structure of BaNi_2As_2 is distinct from that of the sibling iron pnictides. Particularly, there is no signature of band folding, indicating no collinear spin-density-wave-related magnetic ordering. Moreover, across the strong first-order phase transition, the band shift exhibits a hysteresis, which is directly related to the significant lattice distortion in BaNi_2As_2.

Investigation of low-angle laser light scattering patterns using the modified Twomey iterative method for particle sizing

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Igushi, Tatsuo , Yoshida, Hideto ; Review of Scientific Instruments Vol.82 no.1 page.015111-1-015111-10 (20110131) ; We first applied the Twomey iteration method to the low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) method. The Twomey method is known by the simple iteration algorithm for Fredholm integral equation. However, the algorithm is not applied to the LALLS result itself because the kernel function pattern is not stable. We solved the unstable kernel issue by modifying the Twomey algorithm to fit the LALLS data in this study. The performance of inversion was studied by computer simulation and experimental results from detectors containing 24 elements from angle 0.0005 to 2.5 rad. The computer simulation was carried out for particles of mean sizes from 0.1 to 1000 μm with mono-dispersion and log-normal distributions. A conventional algorithm is also carried out to compare the performance of the Twomey method. The noise effect of the inverse problem was tested by computer simulation. Experimental results were measured with standard polystyrene latex from 0.081 to 1007 μm. All the tests were performed under conditions in which the light from a linearly polarized laser at 633 nm was scattered by a diluted aqueous suspension. The modified Twomey (MT) method and conventional method show good reproduction results for particles with log-normal distributions. However, narrow distribution particles indicate that the MT method shows excellent reproduction results when compared with the conventional method.

Coupling parameters of many-body interactions for the Al(100) surface state : A high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Jiang, J. , Shimada, K. , Hayashi, H. , Iwasawa, H. , Aiura, Y. , Namatame, H. , Taniguchi, M. ; Physical Review B Vol.84 no.15 page.155124-1-155124-8 (20111017) ; We examined the dimensionless coupling parameters of many-body interactions for a free-electron-like surface-derived state in Al(100) by means of high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. A kink structure was found to exist in the energy-band dispersion near the Fermi level (E_F), which was attributed to the electron-phonon interaction. At 50 K, the coupling parameters of the electron-phonon and electron-electron interactions were estimated as λ_=0.67±0.05 and λ_～0.003, respectively, indicating that the effective mass enhancement was mainly derived from the electron-phonon interaction. The temperature dependence of the kink structure, as measured by λ_(T), was consistent with a theoretical calculation based on the Eliashberg function. A quasiparticle peak with a width of 15-20 meV was found near E_F, which was explained well by the simulated spectral function incorporating the self-energy evaluated in this study. We found that the electrons at the surface were strongly scattered by the defects at the surface and that the linewidth was significantly broadened (Γ_0=0.238±0.006 eV).

Orbital Density Reconstruction for Molecules

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Dauth, M. , K�rzd�rfer, T. , K�mmel, S. , Ziroff, J. , Wiessner, M. , Scholl, A. , Reinert, F. , Arita, M. , Shimada, K. ; Physical review letters Vol.107 no.19 page.193002-1-193002-5 (20111104) ; The experimental imaging of electronic orbitals has allowed one to gain a fascinating picture of quantum effects. We here show that the energetically high-lying orbitals that are accessible to experimental visualization in general differ, depending on which approach is used to calculate the orbitals. Therefore, orbital imaging faces the fundamental question of which orbitals are the ones that are visualized. Combining angular-resolved photoemission experiments with first-principles calculations, we show that the orbitals from self-interaction-free Kohn-Sham density functional theory are the ones best suited for the orbital-based interpretation of photoemission.

Electronic-Structure-Driven Magnetic Ordering in a Kondo Semiconductor CeOs2Al10

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Kimura, Shin-ichi , Iizuka, Takuya , Miyazaki, Hidetoshi , Irizawa, Akinori , Muro, Yuji , Takabatake, Toshiro ; Physical review letters Vol.106 no.5 page.056404-1-056404-4 (20110204) ; We report the anisotropic changes in the electronic structure of a Kondo semiconductor CeOs_2Al_<10> across an anomalous antiferromagnetic ordering temperature (T_0) of 29 K, using optical conductivity spectra. The spectra along the a and c axes indicate that an energy gap due to the hybridization between conduction bands and nearly local 4ƒ states, namely the c-ƒ hybridization gap, emerges from a higher temperature continuously across T_0. Along the b axis, on the other hand, another energy gap with a peak at 20 meV becomes visible at 39 K (>T_0) and fully opens at T_0 because of a charge instability. This result implies that the appearance of the energy gap, as well as the change in the electronic structure along the b axis, induces the antiferromagnetic ordering below T_0.

Electronic structure of lithium amide

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Kamakura, N. , Takeda, Y. , Saitoh, Y. , Yamagami, H. , Tsubota, M. , Paik, B. , Ichikawa, T. , Kojima, Y. , Muro, T. , Kato, Y. , Kinoshita, T. ; Physical Review B Vol.83 no.3 page.033103-1-033103-4 (20110110) ; The electronic structure of the insulator lithium amide (LiNH_2), which is a lightweight complex hydride being considered as a high-capacity hydrogen storage material, is investigated by N 1s soft x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The XES and XAS spectra show a band gap between the valence and conduction bands. The valence band in the XES spectrum consists of three peaks, which extend up to ～-8 eV from the valence band top. The band calculation within the local-density approximation (LDA) for LiNH_2shows energetically separated three peaks in the occupied N 2p partial density of states (pDOS) and the band gap. The energy distribution of three peaks in the XES spectrum agrees with that in the calculated pDOS except for the peak at the highest binding energy, which is attributed to the strongly hybridized state between N 2p and H 1s. The XES experiment has clarified that the strongly hybridized state with H 1s in LiNH_2is located at binding energy higher than that of the LDA calculation, while the overall feature of the electronic structure of LiNH_2experimentally obtained by XES and XAS is consistent with the calculated result.

Interferon-α/β Receptor as a Prognostic Marker in Osteosarcoma

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Kubo, Tadahiko , Shimose, Shoji , Matsuo, Toshihiro , Fujimori, Jun , Arihiro, Koji , Ochi, Mitsuo ; The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume Vol.93 no.6 page.519-526 (20110316) ; Background: A large-scale randomized trial of adjuvant interferon-a therapy for patients with osteosarcoma has been initiated as a joint protocol by the European and American Osteosarcoma Study Group. Because the expression of functional interferon-α/β receptor is necessary for interferon-a agents to interact with osteosarcoma cells, we examined the expression of interferon-α/β receptor in a series of osteosarcoma specimens. , Methods: Forty patients with high-grade resectable osteosarcoma, from whom surgical specimens had been obtained at the time of biopsy, were included in this retrospective study. Biopsy specimens were immunohistochemically stained with anti-interferon-α/β receptor antibodies. Survival was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis to determine the independent prognostic factors. Furthermore, we used Holm and Benjamini-Hochberg procedures to adjust for multiple comparisons in setting the level of significance. The median follow-up period was five years and two months (range, four to 195 months). , Results: The expression of interferon-α/β receptor was positive in eighteen (45%) of the forty patients with high-grade osteosarcoma. American Joint Committee on Cancer surgical stage IIA, a good histologic response to chemotherapy, and expression of interferon-α/β receptor correlated significantly with better disease-free survival (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that interferon-α/β receptor expression alone retained its power to predict an improved prognosis (p = 0.042). There were no significant variables after corrections for multiple comparisons. , Conclusions: Interferon-α/β receptor may be a useful marker for assessing tumor prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma and may play an important role in tumor progression. These findings are encouraging and support the ongoing clinical trials of adjuvant interferon-a therapy by the multinational Osteosarcoma Study Group. Our pilot study was based on a small sample size, and larger trials are needed to confirm this finding. , Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Imaginary chemical potential approach for the pseudocritical line in the QCD phase diagram with clover-improved Wilson fermions

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Nagata, Keitaro , Nakamura, Atsushi ; Physical Review D Vol.83 page.114507-1-114507-9 (20110613) ; The QCD phase diagram is studied in the lattice QCD simulation with the imaginary chemical potential approach. We employ a clover-improved Wilson fermion action of two flavors and a renormalization-group improved gauge action and perform the simulation at an intermediate quark mass on a 8^3×4 lattice. The QCD phase diagram in the imaginary chemical potential μ_I region is investigated by performing the simulation for more than 150 points on the (β,μ_I) plane. We find that the Roberge-Weiss phase transition at μ_I/T=π/3 is first order and its endpoint is second order, which are identified by the phase of the Polyakov loop. We determine the pseudocritical line from the susceptibility of the Polyakov loop modulus. We find a clear deviation from a linear dependence of the pseudocritical line on μ^2_1.

Spin and orbital magnetic moments of molecular beam epitaxy γ′-Fe4N films on LaAlO3(001) and MgO(001) substrates by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Ito, K. , Lee, G. H. , Harada, K. , Suzuno, M. , Suemasu, T. , Takeda, Y. , Saitoh, Y. , Ye, M. , Kimura, A. , Akinaga, H. ; Applied Physics Letters Vol.98 no.10 page.102507-1-102507-3 (20110310) ; 10-nm-thick γ′-Fe4N films were grown epitaxially on LaAlO_3(001) and MgO(001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy using solid Fe and a radio-frequency NH_3 plasma. The lattice mismatch of these substrates to γ′-Fe_4N is 0% and 11%, respectively. Spin and orbital magnetic moments of these γ′-Fe_4N epitaxial films were deduced by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements at 300 K. The total magnetic moments are almost the same for the two substrates, that is, 2.44±0.06 μ_B and 2.47±0.06 μ_B, respectively. These values are very close to those predicted theoretically, and distinctively larger than that for α-Fe.

Raman, Brillouin, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies on shocked borosilicate glass

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Manghnani, Murli H. , Hushur, Anwar , Sekine, Toshimori , Wu, Jingshi , Stebbins, Jonathan F. , Williams, Quentin ; Journal of Applied Physics Vol.109 no.11 page.113509-1-113509-6 (20110602) ; Using Brillouin and Raman scattering and NMR techniques, we have investigated the elastic and structural properties of four post-shocked specimens of borosilicate glass, recovered from peak pressures of 19.8, 31.3, 40.3, and 49.1 GPa. The Raman spectra of shock-wave compressed borosilicate glass for peak pressures of 19.8 and 31.3 GPa show two new peaks at 606 cm^<-1> and near 1600 cm^<-1>, while a peak at ～923 cm^<-1>. disappears in these glasses following shock-loading. The mode at 606 cm^<-1> is correlated with four-membered rings, composed of one BO_4 and three SiO_4 tetrahedra (a reedmergneritelike configuration). Modes near ～1600 cm^<-1> are of uncertain origin, while that at 923 cm^<-1> may associated with silica tetrahedra with two nonbridging oxygens, although standard models of this type of glass suggest that total nonbridging oxygen contents should be low. The Raman spectra for the shocked samples at 40.3 and 49.1 GPa are similar to that of the unshocked sample, suggesting that much of the irreversible density and structural changes are recoverable following adiabatic decompression and thermal relaxation. This reversibility for the highest pressure shocked samples is in accord with the Brillouin results, which show an increase in the product of sound velocity and index of refraction at pressures up to 20 GPa. , The Raman band initially at 450 cm^<-1>, which corresponds to the bending vibration mode of the Si-O-Si, Si-O-B (with primarily six-membered rings in the network) reaches a maximum frequency of 470 cm^<-1> and narrowing at a peak shock pressure of 31.3 GPa, and then also decreases to its initial values for samples shocked at 40.3 and 49.1 GPa. This shift toward higher frequency under shock-wave compression indicates the average Si-O-Si, Si-O-B angles decrease with pressure. The narrowing of this band suggests a narrower distribution of Si-O-Si angles in the shocked samples for peak pressures of 19.8 and 31.3 GPa. ^<11>B NMR spectra for all four shocked glasses are similar, and indicate ratios of BO_3 to BO_4 that are not greatly changed from the starting material. However, changes in peak shapes suggest significant changes in the connectivity of the B and Si components of the network, with more silicon neighbors surrounding BO_4 tetrahedra in the shocked glasses, and a modest increase in the number of nonring related BO_3 groups following shock-loading. Thus, the irreversible effects of shock-loading appear to be to generate smaller rings of tetrahedra (hence decreasing the average T-O-T bond angle), and to increase the average number of neighbors of Si around boron tetrahedra.

Gluon propagators and center vortices in gluon plasma

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Chernodub, M. N. , Nakagawa, Yoshiyuki , Nakamura, Atsushi , Saito, Takuya , Zakharov, V. I.. ; Physical Review D Vol.83 page.114501-1-114501-6 (20110601) ; We study electric and magnetic components of the gluon propagators in quark-gluon plasma in terms of center vortices by using a quenched simulation of SU(2) lattice theory. In the Landau gauge, the magnetic components of the propagators are strongly affected in the infrared region by removal of the center vortices, while the electric components are almost unchanged by this procedure. In the Coulomb gauge, the time-time correlators, including an instantaneous interaction, also have an essential contribution from the center vortices. As a result, one finds that magnetic degrees of freedom in the infrared region couple strongly to the center vortices in the deconfinement phase.

Magnetic properties of Mn and Co doped PbPdO2

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Lee, Kyu Joon , Choo, Sung Min , Saiga, Yuta , Takabatake, Toshiro , Jung, Myung-Hwa ; Journal of Applied Physics Vol.109 no.7 page.07C316-1-07C316-3 (20110329) ; We report the dramatic change of gapless semiconductor properties by different chemical doping elements of Co and Mn into PbPdO_2. The metal-insulatorlike transition temperature T_ = 100 K for PbPdO_2 shifts to a higher temperature of 150 K by the Co doping and to a lower temperature of 70 K by the Mn doping. Because of the anisotropic band structure with the majority of heavy holes and the minority of light electrons, the transport and magnetic properties are significantly changed by the chemical doping elements. At low temperatures, the Co doping enhances ferromagnetic interactions, whereas the Mn doping favors antiferromagnetic interactions. These results are of great interests because you can control the magnetic ordering as well as manipulate the carrier density by changing the doping elements. These materials could be a good candidate for spintronics applications.

他者の表情と視線の処理の自動性に関する研究

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

徳永, 智子

Orbital characters of bands in the iron-based superconductor BaFe1.85Co0.15As2

Thu, 19 Jan 2012 +0900

Zhang, Y. , Chen, F. , He, C. , Zhou, B. , Xie, B. P. , Fang, C. , Tsai, W. F. , Chen, X. H. , Hayashi, H. , Jiang, J. , Iwasawa, H. , Shimada, K. , Namatame, H. , Taniguchi, M. , Hu, J. P. , Feng, D. L. ; Physical Review B Vol.83 no.5 page.054510-1-054510-9 (20110222) ; The unconventional superconductivity in the newly discovered iron-based superconductors is intimately related to its multiband/multiorbital nature. Here we report the comprehensive orbital characters of the low-energy three-dimensional electronic structure in BaFe_<1.85>Co_<0.15>As_2 by studying the polarization and photon-energy dependence of angle-resolved photoemission data. While the distributions of the d_, d_, and d_<3z^2-r^2> orbitals agree with the prediction of density functional theory, those of the d_ and d_ orbitals show remarkable disagreement with theory. Our results point out the inadequacy of the existing band structure calculations and, more importantly, provide a foundation for constructing the correct microscopic model of iron pnictides.

自己再循環型低NOxバーナに関する研究

Wed, 18 Jan 2012 +0900

篠森, 健一

社会的排斥経験後の適応過程における心理社会的資源の機能の検討

Wed, 18 Jan 2012 +0900

柳澤, 邦昭

Pentobarbitalが引き起こす麻酔要素におけるGABA,グリシン,神経性コリン作動性,グルタミン酸およびサブスタンスPの各神経の役割

Wed, 18 Jan 2012 +0900

向井, 明里

Ab initio study on the hydrogen desorption from MH-NH3 (M = Li, Na, K) hydrogen storage systems

Wed, 18 Jan 2012 +0900

Yamane, A. , Shimojo, F. , Hoshino, K. , Ichikawa, T. , Kojima, Y. ; Journal of Chemical Physics Vol.134 no.12 page.124515-1-124515-8 (20110329) ; The hydrogen storage system LiH + NH_3 <-> LiNH_2 + H_2 is one of the most promising hydrogen storage systems, where the reaction yield can be increased by replacing Li in LiH with other alkali metals (Na or K) in order of Li < Na < K. In this paper, we have studied the alkali metal M (M = Li, Na, K) dependence of the reactivity of MH with NH_3 by calculating the potential barrier of the H_2 desorption process from the reaction of an M_2H_2 cluster with an NH_3 molecule based on the ab initio structure optimization method. We have shown that the height of the potential barrier becomes lower in order of Li, Na, and K, where the difference of the potential barrier in Li and Na is relatively smaller than that in Na and K, and this tendency is consistent with the recent experimental results. We have also shown that the H-H distance of the H_2 dimer at the transition state takes larger distance and the change of the potential energy around the transition state becomes softer in order of Li, Na, and K. There are almost no M dependence in the charge of the H atom in NH_3 before the reaction, while that of the H atom in M_2H_2 takes larger negative value in order of Li, Na, and K. We have also performed molecular dynamics simulations on the M_2H_2-NH_3 system and succeeded to reproduce the H_2 desorption from the reaction of Na_2H_2 with NH_3.

タンデム反応によるワンポットインドールおよびイソキノリン合成法の開発

Wed, 18 Jan 2012 +0900

岡本, 典子

5109 要養護児童のためのグループホームにおける地域計画に関する研究その3 : 職員と地域との関わり(児童養護施設,建築計画I)

Wed, 18 Jan 2012 +0900

石垣, 文 , 小野田, 泰明 , 坂口, 大洋 ; 学術講演梗概集. E-1, 建築計画I, 各種建物・地域施設, 設計方法, 構法計画, 人間工学, 計画基礎 no.2008 page.243-244 (2008-07-20)

国語科教育改善のための「教室ユーモア」研究

Wed, 18 Jan 2012 +0900

青砥, 弘幸

Poverty and Climate Change in Nepal : Poverty Analysis in Far-Western Rural Hills

Wed, 18 Jan 2012 +0900

Joshi, Niraj Prakash ; Nepal is well-known for the richness in natural resources as well as culture including human resources. Unfortunately, the country falls under the category of least developed countries. Poverty, measured both in terms of monetary as well as non-monetary dimensions, is quite persistent in the country. Furthermore, the country, being poor with limited capacity to adapt and dependent on natural resources in greater extent, is highly vulnerable to climate change. Thus it is among the most vulnerable countries to climate change. Due to the severity of the poverty problem in the country, there is plethora of literatures on poverty. However, virtually all of these literatures are based on cross-sectional analysis that make static analysis of poverty and fail to capture the dynamic aspects of poverty. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the dynamic aspects of poverty in relation to socio-economic as well as environmental factors. , The study is based on sustainable livelihood framework. Poverty is affected by several macroeconomic indicators such as growth rate, inflation rate and population growth rate. Similarly, geographic regions such as development regions, ecological zones and rural-urban divide affect poverty. Besides this macro level consideration, micro level variables such as socio-demographic factors also affect poverty. In addition, economic factors such as resource possession affect poverty directly or through livelihoods strategies, which could be either natural resource based like agriculture and forestry or non-natural based like salaried job, remittance and business. Here, economic factors and livelihood strategies are affected by environmental factors such as temperature and rainfall trend, and climate extremes like hailstorm, landslide and flood, which can be attributed to climate change. The impact of environmental factors depends on the geographic location of the place. With this analytical framework as well as severity of problem in mind, twelve districts representing each of five development regions as well as three ecological zones were selected for the study of poverty. Forty samples from each district were selected from the Village Development Committee (VDC) in the vicinity of headquarters through random sampling. Whereas for the in-depth study of poverty, to capture both static as well as its dynamic aspects, sixty samples, each from two VDCs of poverty-stricken Far-Western Rural Hill district of Baitadi, were surveyed in 2001 and 2007, especially. , However, due to the consistency in data quality, 116 households from the first survey (in 2001) were considered for the analysis. For the analysis of poverty dynamics, second wave of survey was conducted in 2007 among the same household that was surveyed in 2001. The second wave of survey, however, could locate only 106 households. Therefore, total sample for the study of poverty dynamics constitutes 106 households. These samples were selected through stratified random sampling techniques in order to represent all strata of the households in the VDCs in terms of caste group as well as resource possession. The data was analyzed using several statistical tools such as frequencies, mean, cross-tabulation, as well as empirical tools such as regression analysis. , The study shows that poverty is quite persistent in Nepal. Such persistence of poverty, especially in the rural areas makes poverty a core issue to be researched in rural Nepal. None of the macroeconomic indicators in Nepal considered under this study are favorable for poverty reduction. Even most of the poverty reduction programs and policies implemented by the government failed to substantially reduce poverty. Besides, new environmental threats that can be attributed to climate change are emerging and adversely affect poverty in Nepal. However, it comes with a remarkable potential to generate significant amount of revenue from international climate change regimes through mitigation effort, which also has synergy to adapt the adverse climate change impacts in the Nepalese context. The recent trend in climate variables is causing adverse impact on the yield of major summer food crops such as maize, potato and millet. Suppression of these food crops yield significantly reduces the probability of the country falling into food self-insufficiency. , Poverty analysis based on household level data shows that the problem of food insecurity is more severe in Hills and Mountains. Also, households with higher family size and higher dependency ratio, households headed by female and households having lower resources possession are suffering from higher incidence of food insecurity. Incidence of poverty is significantly high in Far-Western Rural Hills. This is mainly due to higher concentration of female-headed households, higher dependency ratio, seasonal labor migration, low level of resource possession and geographical disadvantages that hinder access to basic social services like transportation, communication, education, and health. These are also the factors responsible for chronic and transitory poverty. Occurrence of natural disasters increases the risk of transitory poverty, i.e., move-into-poverty. Therefore, the provision of income generating opportunities could be helpful to cope with poverty. This helps to reduce dependency ratio based on economically active members to the extent of economically active age groups by ensuring income generating opportunities with regulated working hours as well as regulated wage rate. This is very critical for the poor households whose members are forced to work regardless of the nature of work as well as age in order to meet their basic needs. Expansion of irrigation could be crucial in the generation of employment through commercial agriculture. This also serves as an adaptation program to climate change, which will be very effective in dealing with the transitory poverty. Therefore, any livelihood intervention to deal with chronic poverty should focus on Melauli, OC households, female-headed households, households headed by a head engaged in agriculture and laboring, marginal famers with small/marginal land holding with limited irrigation access, and higher dependency ratio. , Whereas, targeting OC households, households head with low years of schooling, small landholding, households suffering from climate related natural disasters (more common in Melauli) will be crucial in dealing with transitory poverty (or restrict households move into of poverty).

日本の製造業における市場創造型新製品開発 : マーケティングとイノベーションの統合

Wed, 18 Jan 2012 +0900

藤井, 誠一

地域冷暖房システムの熱負荷予測と短期・長期最適運転計画に関する研究

Wed, 18 Jan 2012 +0900

石丸, 恵一

Observational Study of Extremely Luminous Type Ia Supernova 2009dc

Wed, 18 Jan 2012 +0900

山中, 雅之 ; In this thesis, we examined an extremely luminous Type Ia supernova (SNe Ia) SN 2009dc. Type Ia supernovae are luminous ones among whole types of supernova and they are believed to be a result of thermonuclear explosion in a white dwarf, a degenerated compact star, of which the mass reaches near the Chandrasekhar-limit-mass, about 1.4 times solar mass. Since the luminosity of Type Ia supernovae are homogeneous, they are used as a standard candle of cosmologically distant objects. In recent years, two extremely luminous Type Ia supernovae (SNe 2003fg and 2006gz) have been discovered. They pointed a discrepancy against the explosion model; ≳ 1.2 times solar mass of 56Ni (energy source) and thus over 1.4 times solar mass of total ejecta should be required. However, the observational material on them was restricted and poor, and their nature was still unclear. , Here we present new observational results of the recently-discovered SN 2009dc. This supernova is also classified as an extremely luminous Type Ia supernova. From our early-phase observation, we derived a decline rate of the light curve is Δm15 (B) = 0.65 ± 0.03, which is one of the slowest decline rate among those of SNe Ia. The peak V-band absolute magnitude is estimated to be Mv = -19.90 ± 0.15 mag if no host extinction is assumed. It reaches MV = -20.19 ± 0.19 mag if we assume the host extinction of Av = 0.29 mag. SN 2009dc clearly belongs to the extremely luminous class both in optical and near-infrared wavelengths. We estimate the ejected 56Ni mass of 1.3 ± 0.3 M⊙ for the no host extinction case (and of 1.8+ 0.4 Me for the host extinction of Av = 0.29 mag). Using an analytic model, we successfully reproduced the (quasi-) bolometric light curve until 150 days after the B-band maximum. This indicates that the peak luminosity could be explained by 56Ni dacay. The C II λ6580 absorption line remains visible until a week after the B-band maximum brightness, in contrast to its early disappearance in SN 2006gz. The line velocity of Si II λ6355 is about 8000 km s-1 around the B-band maximum, being considerably slower than that of SN 2006gz. The velocity of the C II line is similar to or slightly less than that of the Si II line around the maximum. The presence of the carbon line suggests that thick unburned carbon and oxygen layer remains after the explosion. Spectropolarimetric study indicates that the explosion is not aspherical but rather symmetric along the line of sight. All these observational facts suggest that the amount of the ejecta is larger than that of normal SNe Ia and the progenitors mass is over the Chandrasekhar-limit-mass. , In addition to the early-phase observation, we obtained photometric and spectroscopic data at a year after the B-band maximum. This late-phase optical photometry shows much fainter luminosity than that expected from early-phase data. A similar result has been marginally obtained for SN 2006gz. On the other hand, the observed late-phase light curve cannot be reproduced with the model. We suggest that the late-phase luminosity decreases due to an increase of optical opacity with dust formation in the ejected material. This model is supported by the observational facts of the presence of carbon-rich ejecta in early-phase spectra and redder color index at late-phase. We also confirm the existence of [Ni II] and [Ca II] lines whose radial velocities relative to the radial velocity of the host galaxy are -600 km s-1 and +300 km s-1, respectively. This indicates that a significant amount of intermediate-mass elements like calcium exists near the explosion core together with iron-group elements. All the observational facts would be explained by super-Chandrasekhar white dwarf model, except for the possible mixing in the inner core. We propose that the progenitors mass exceeded the Chandrasekhar-limiting mass possibly due to hyper rotation of the progenitor white dwarf.

反応時間を指標とした空間性注意の測定方法と半側空間無視検出方法の開発

Wed, 18 Jan 2012 +0900

井上, 順一

粘着剤の設計支援に向けたEuler型有限要素法に関する研究

Wed, 18 Jan 2012 +0900

前田, 和久

口腔扁平上皮癌細胞の高度浸潤能獲得におけるCyr61の役割

Wed, 18 Jan 2012 +0900

田中, 扶美

宮沢賢治研究/文語詩集の成立 : 鉛筆・赤インク〈写稿〉による過程

Wed, 18 Jan 2012 +0900

島田, 隆輔

小学校入門期におけるひらがな教育の研究

Wed, 18 Jan 2012 +0900

長岡, 由記

Size distribution of folded chain crystal nuclei of polyethylene on active centers

Wed, 18 Jan 2012 +0900

Kozisek, Zdenek , Hikosaka, Masamichi , Okada, Kiyoka , Demo, Pavel ; Journal of Chemical Physics Vol.134 no.11 page.114904-1-114904-5 (20110317) ; Kinetic equations describing temporal evolution of the size distribution of crystalline nuclei of folded chain polyethylene on active centers are solved numerically. Basic characteristics of nucleation processes (the total number of supercritical nuclei and the size distribution of nuclei) are determined and compared with the experimental data. It is shown that even though the total number of supercritical nuclei coincides with the experimental data, the size distribution prediction fails. This is caused by the fact that the total number of nuclei (usually used in analysis of the experimental data), in contrast to the size distribution of nuclei, represents an integral quantity. Using the experimental data of the steady state size distribution of nuclei enables us to determine thermodynamic parameters (especially interfacial energies) of the studied system more precisely and consequently to correct kinetic parameters to get coincidence of kinetic model with the experimental data in both, the total number of supercritical nuclei and also the size distribution of nuclei.

鳥類胚を用いた化学物質の抗アンドロジェン性内分泌撹乱作用評価系の構築に関する研究

Wed, 18 Jan 2012 +0900

内海, 透

5036 食事場面からみる児童養護施設の施設形態に関する基礎的研究(児童養護施設/障害児保育,建築計画I)

Tue, 17 Jan 2012 +0900

石垣, 文 , 小野田, 泰明 , 坂口, 大洋 ; 学術講演梗概集. E-1, 建築計画I, 各種建物・地域施設, 設計方法, 構法計画, 人間工学, 計画基礎 no.2009 page.95-96 (2009-07-20)

5110 要養護児童のためのグループホームにおける平面構成に関する研究(児童養護施設,建築計画I)

Tue, 17 Jan 2012 +0900

田原, 香織 , 金成, 瑞穂 , 石垣, 文 , 小野田, 泰明 , 坂口, 大洋 ; 学術講演梗概集. E-1, 建築計画I, 各種建物・地域施設, 設計方法, 構法計画, 人間工学, 計画基礎 no.2008 page.245-246 (2008-07-20)

5216 保育者の保育展開にみる環境構成要素の活用に関する事例的研究 : アメリカにおいて(幼稚園・保育所,建築計画I)

Tue, 17 Jan 2012 +0900

石垣, 文 , 小野田, 泰明 , Refuerzo, Ben ; 学術講演梗概集. E-1, 建築計画I, 各種建物・地域施設, 設計方法, 構法計画, 人間工学, 計画基礎 no.2005 page.465-466 (2005-07-31)

5085 要養護児童のためのグループホームにおける地域計画に関する研究その2(児童養護施設,建築計画I)

Tue, 17 Jan 2012 +0900

石垣, 文 , 松浦, 真樹 , 小野田, 泰明 , 坂口, 大洋 ; 学術講演梗概集. E-1, 建築計画I, 各種建物・地域施設, 設計方法, 構法計画, 人間工学, 計画基礎 no.2007 page.169-170 (2007-07-31)

5084 要養護児童のためのグループホームにおける地域計画に関する研究その1(児童養護施設,建築計画I)

Tue, 17 Jan 2012 +0900

坂口, 大洋 , 松浦, 真樹 , 石垣, 文 , 小野田, 泰明 ; 学術講演梗概集. E-1, 建築計画I, 各種建物・地域施設, 設計方法, 構法計画, 人間工学, 計画基礎 no.2007 page.167-168 (2007-07-31)

5288 建築ワークショップの活用に関する事例的研究(コラボレーション・参加,建築計画I)

Tue, 17 Jan 2012 +0900

石垣, 文 , 小野田, 泰明 , 何左, 昌範 , 菅野, 實 , 坂口, 大洋 ; 学術講演梗概集. E-1, 建築計画I, 各種建物・地域施設, 設計方法, 構法計画, 人間工学, 計画基礎 no.2001 page.575-576 (2001-07-31)

809 工事段階における建築士業務の問題点に関する研究(建築経済・住宅問題)

Tue, 17 Jan 2012 +0900

羽田野, 将生 , 石垣, 文 , 平野, 吉信 ; 日本建築学会中国支部研究報告集 Vol.33 page.809-1-809-1 (2010-03)

5061 児童養護施設における調理の場でのかかわりに関する事例的研究(児童館・自立支援施設, 建築計画I)

Tue, 17 Jan 2012 +0900

石垣, 文 , 菅野, 實 , 小野田, 泰明 , 坂口, 大洋 ; 学術講演梗概集. E-1, 建築計画I, 各種建物・地域施設, 設計方法, 構法計画, 人間工学, 計画基礎 no.2006 page.133-134 (2006-07-31)

情緒障害児への環境療法の展開にみる小舎型施設空間の意味

Tue, 17 Jan 2012 +0900

石垣, 文 , 菅野, 實 , 小野田, 泰明 , 坂口, 大洋 ; 日本建築学会計画系論文集 no.582 page.17-23 (2004-08-30) ; The number of emotionally disturbed children in Japan has been increasing recently; However, only few attempts with an aim at improving childrens living space have been made at treatment centers. We conducted some field surveys on the cottage-type residential center to examine the relationship among space, communication, and the effectiveness of therapy. In addition, to clarify conditions of treatment for children with emotional disturbances, the childrens daily life with milieu therapy was observed. The main results are as follows. 1. In the milieu therapy, it consisted of two dimensions, "counseling" and "daily life", and they were strongly associated. 2. On their daily life, members were working together to establish appropriate relationships. Then, based on their relationships, the staff conducted counseling using spacious elements in the better settings. 3. It can be said that the characteristics such as floor space, the number of children, and the organization of the space, contributed to a better condition for the milieu therapy.

要養護児童のためのグループホーム整備の実態に関する研究

Tue, 17 Jan 2012 +0900

石垣, 文 , 小野田, 泰明 , 松浦, 真樹 , 金成, 瑞穂 ; 日本建築学会計画系論文集 Vol.74 no.637 page.559-566 (2009-03-30) ; The purpose of this study is to examine the actual condition of group home for children in residential care, and to clarify issues of the living environment. The main findings are as follows: 1) There are 194 group homes throughout Japan. 2) The types of the living environment are characterized by its property, the size of the housing and the member of the group homes. Not all the group homes afford enough space for the children and the staff. 3) The difference in living environment comes also from finances and child welfare policy in each local autonomy.

808 工事段階における建築士の設計業務に関する研究(建築経済・住宅問題)

Tue, 17 Jan 2012 +0900

石津, 敬之 , 石垣, 文 , 平野, 吉信 ; 日本建築学会中国支部研究報告集 Vol.33 page.808-1-808-4 (2010-03)

506 自治体と市民の協働によるまちづくりにおける施設ニーズに関する研究(建築計画)

Tue, 17 Jan 2012 +0900

服部, 達也 , 神門, 香菜 , 石垣, 文 , 平野, 吉信 ; 日本建築学会中国支部研究報告集 Vol.33 page.506-1-506-4 (2010-03)

705 複合団地開発の影響による生活圏の変化に関する研究(都市計画)

Tue, 17 Jan 2012 +0900

鈴木, 涼嗣 , 石垣, 文 , 平野, 吉信 ; 日本建築学会中国支部研究報告集 Vol.33 page.705-1-705-4 (2010-03)

804 超長期住宅の諸提案における継続的支援システムに関する研究(建築経済・住宅問題)

Tue, 17 Jan 2012 +0900

桧山, 渉 , 神門, 香菜 , 石垣, 文 , 平野, 吉信 ; 日本建築学会中国支部研究報告集 Vol.33 page.804-1-804-4 (2010-03)

5161 協働のまちづくり活動における施設整備に関する基礎的研究(コミュニティ施設(1),建築計画I)

Tue, 17 Jan 2012 +0900

石垣, 文 , 平野, 吉信 ; 学術講演梗概集. E-1, 建築計画I, 各種建物・地域施設, 設計方法, 構法計画, 人間工学, 計画基礎 no.2010 page.367-368 (2010-07-20)

803 木造住宅の供給における地域ネットワークのあり方に関する研究(建築経済・住宅問題)

Tue, 17 Jan 2012 +0900

森脇, 美南子 , 桧山, 渉 , 石垣, 文 , 平野, 吉信 ; 日本建築学会中国支部研究報告集 Vol.33 page.803-1-803-4 (2010-03)

802 ライフステージに応じた住みこなしを支援する住宅供給のあり方に関する研究(建築経済・住宅問題)

Tue, 17 Jan 2012 +0900

池田, 早織 , 桧山, 渉 , 石垣, 文 , 平野, 吉信 ; 日本建築学会中国支部研究報告集 Vol.33 page.802-1-802-4 (2010-03)

工場製作コストを考慮した鋼構造建築骨組の最小コスト設計に関する研究

Thu, 12 Jan 2012 +0900

清水, 斉 ; 鋼構造建築骨組の最適化において,実務構造設計や既往の研究では,鋼材重量のみに着目した最適化がほとんどである.しかし,鋼材重量のみに着目した最適化では,鉄骨製作の難易度が考慮できていない.そのため,鋼材重量が少ない割には,鋼材コストと鉄骨製作コストを合わせた合計コスト低減に結びついていない.また,鋼材重量の低減が構造性能の低減に繋がっている.本論文では,これらの問題を解決するため,鉄骨製作コストの難易度を反映できる鉄骨製作コスト評価法の提案と,その評価手法を用いた最小コスト設計の提案行なった.そして,これらの提案の活用により,経済的で構造性能の良い鋼構造建築骨組の構造設計を実現できることを示した. , 本論文は,第1章「序論」と第6章「結論」を合わせて6章構成となっている.本論文を構成する第2章から第5章の概要を以下に示す. , 第2章「鉄骨製作コストの評価手法と労務時間係数の算出」では,鋼構造建築骨組の製作難易度によって生じる製作コストの実状を反映した最小コスト設計を実現するため,基礎研究として,鉄骨製作コスト評価手法を提案する.まず,鉄骨製作会社を対象として実施した鉄骨製作労務時間のアンケート結果について考察する.さらに,アンケート結果等に基づき鉄骨製作コストの評価式を提案する.次に,鉄骨製作会社から提供を受けた実物件の鉄骨工事コストの労務時間資料を分析し,評価式で用いる労務時間係数を算出する.そして,本評価手法による試算コストと実物件の鉄骨製作コストを比較考察し,本評価手法の妥当性を示す. , 第3章「鉄骨骨組の製作コストを考慮した構造設計法に関する研究」では, 3つの構造設計例に対して,それぞれ断面せいの統一に重点をおいた設計方針Aと,断面せいの統一化は意識せずに鋼材重量縮小に重点をおいた設計方針Bによる合計6ケースについて,仮定断面の設定から最終断面の決定までの設計を実施する.そして,それらの設計結果に対して鉄骨製作コストの評価式を適用して合計コスト(主架構鋼材コストと主架構鉄骨製作労務コストの合計)を算出し,設計方針の違いが建築物の性能や合計コストに与える影響を考察する. , 第4章「鉄骨骨組の最適設計における遺伝的アルゴリズム(GA)の改善提案」では,改善前GAの交叉や突然変位に加えて,ランダムに選んだ設計変数の座標軸方向への直線探索を組み込んだGAを提案する.この提案手法(以降では,一次元直線探索と呼ぶ.)を,鋼構造建築骨組の部材断面最適化問題に適用し,一次元直線探索の組み込みによる厳密解への収束性及び到達率の改善効果の検証を行う.なお,厳密解とは,検証のために列挙法により求めた解である.本論文では2種類の部材断面最適化問題を扱う.一つは最小重量設計問題で,規格断面使用により,鋼材重量が不連続に変化する.もう一つは本論文で主眼としている最小コスト設計問題で,規格断面使用により鋼材コストが不連続に変化することに加えて,接合部のダイアフラム数や溶接接合面積が変化することにより鉄骨製作コストが不連続に変化し,最小重量設計問題より複雑な設計問題である.例示する鋼構造建築骨組は3層と5層の2種類である.骨組の規模と設計問題の複雑さ両面から,提案手法の収束性及び厳密解到達率の改善効果を示す. , 第5章「GAによる最小コスト設計解の実施設計への適用性に関する研究」では,実施設計を想定した8層4スパンの架構に,第4章で改善提案したGAを用いた最適化設計プログラムを適用し,鉄骨製作コストを考慮した最小コスト最適解の実施設計への適用性を示す.ここでは,最小コスト設計解と最小重量設計解の合計コスト,鋼材重量,層間変形角,崩壊荷重係数,部材配置,部材の許容応力度,ヒンジ発生状況の比較を行ない,最小コスト設計解の方が最小重量設計解よりも,構造設計者が日常の設計において合理的であると判断している部材断面配置に近い結果を与えることを示す.

石油精製及び石油化学工業における圧力設備の劣化検出による信頼性向上に関する研究

Thu, 12 Jan 2012 +0900

菊池, 務

Impacts of urbanization on national transport and road energy use : Evidence from low, middle and high income countries

Thu, 12 Jan 2012 +0900

Poumanyvong, Phetkeo , Kaneko, Shinji , Dhakal, Shobhakar ; IDEC DP2 Series Vol.2 no.2 page.1-31 (201201) ; Few attempts have been made to investigate quantitatively and systematically the impact of urbanization on transport energy use for countries of different stages of economic development. This paper examines the influence of urbanization on national transport and road energy use for low, middle and high income countries during 1975-2005, using the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology (STIRPAT) model. After controlling for population size, income per capita and the share of services in the economy, the main results suggest that urbanization influences national transport and road energy use positively. , However, the magnitude of its influence varies among the three income groups. Changes in urbanization appear to have a greater impact on transport and road energy use in the high income group than in the other groups. Surprisingly, the urbanization elasticities of transport and road energy use in the middle income group are smaller than those of the low income group. This study not only sheds further light on the existing literature, but also provides policy makers with insightful information on the link between urbanization and transport energy use at the three different stages of development.

遠心ファンの振動解析と騒音低減に関する研究

Thu, 12 Jan 2012 +0900

藤井, 武夫

A Study on Livestock and Land Management in Kyrgyzstan

Thu, 12 Jan 2012 +0900

Zhumanova, Munavar ; Kyrgyzstan is a mountainous country with the livelihood condition of its population determined by climate, landscape, soil, water resources, biodiversity, as well as social and economic conditions. Most of its population derives a substantial proportion of its income from livestock rearing and farming. Moreover, mountainous pastures, which consist 86% of total agricultural land, favour livestock in Kyrgyzstan. The population of all livestock species has been constantly increasing over the years with decline in productivity at national level. Thus, increase in livestock production is realized by mainly increase in numbers of animals. This studys specific objectives are to study the trends in population and composition of livestock diversity by comparing two types of agro-pastoral systems (mainly livestock-additional crop and mainly crop-additional livestock). It also analyses feed types and feeding systems and derived productivity of livestock. It studies cropland and pastures management by analysing economic cost-benefits from crops, and seeks to measure the condition and botanical composition of pastures by assessing the extent of their utilisation. Moreover, it examines the social and economic context of agro-pastoral systems in terms of income sources. A household survey was conducted by administering semi-structured questionnaires to households and pastoralists. And pasture measurement survey in two Village Governments (VGs) of Ala-Buka district. It was done to understand the factors effecting agro-pastoral systems and mountain pastures. , From the survey and analysis of agro-pastoral systems, it was found that considerable changes are taking place in livestock population, herd composition, and management systems with different predominance of livestock species. Changes in livestock population are closely associated with land holding, forage and pasture availability. The households perceptions about the changes in their herd sizes show that the total livestock population is increasing in both VGs. In Torogeldy Baltagulov Village Government is 65% and in 1-May Village Government is 62% respectively. The main reason for the changes in herd composition are income level from livestock and market demand for livestock and its products in general. The most noticeable change is the considerable decline in cattle and goats numbers in BVG, and in sheep numbers in MVG households. The higher number of cows correlates with the major reason of keeping cattle for dairy products; mainly self-consumption and selling extra products in the market, and also using dung as winter fuel. Horse and donkey numbers increased due to the necessity of draft power in the households (HHs). , The increase in the number of horses and donkeys can be an indication of advanced rural poverty as the poor prefer to use livestock in order to avoid extra expenditure for tractor services, such as fuel and rent payments to tractor owners. It can also attributed to insufficient numbers of agricultural machines during land preparation, intercultural operations, harvesting and transporting. On the other hand, the increase in the use of livestock for agricultural purposes decreases the use of agricultural machines; thereby leading to low carbon agriculture. This will be crucial in mitigating the adverse impacts of climate change on human beings and environment through reduced GHG emissions. Forage scarcity is considered the main factor regulating the herd size. Forage scarcity occurs at the end of winter. The main reason of forage scarcity is caused by lack of enough time for hay making during summer. Time shortage for hay-making corresponds with the changing weather condition as climate change causes the depletion of forage species in nearby pasture. Forage availability and scarcity affect milk yield and the shape of lactation curve. On the other hand, lack of breeding technology (artificial insemination) and unplanned calving without considering forage availability decreased the productivity of cows. Thus, lactation curves were very sensitive in winter and autumn calving season in MVG and winter and summer calving season in BVG. Besides, the majority number of cows falls under those calving seasons, which are suffering from low productivity. As a result, this affects the total milk yield as cows are becoming less productive; thereby decline in productivity. However, the total milk produced in the district as well as at national level is still increasing due to the increase in the number of cattle. , The cropping patterns in the study area vary for self-consumption, forage and cash income. Majority of HHs in BVG used the main land area for wheat (self-consumption) growing, whereas in MVG, maize (forage) was grown in large areas. However, wheat cropland area decreased due to lack of properly working combine harvesters and high costs. Thus, the majority of HHs uses their land for forage and cash crops. It was found that HHs can sell their livestock and buy wheat after harvesting in summer at low price from local markets or imported wheat flour. The costs and benefits from crops are reflected by crop productivity and demand. The greatest benefits were recorded for vegetables produced in kitchen gardens, due to high demand with good price at local and urban markets. Majority of HHs informed that crop yield from 2005 to 2010 decreased and only few HHs had increase in crop yield in both VGs. The low yields for all crops were also attributed to the changes in weather condition, new crop diseases and unfavourable condition for seedlings. , A decline in pasture productivity was also observed in remote pastures, although there was less intensive grazing caused mainly an increase in invasion of semi-arid and steppe grass species, such Artemisia and Stipa spp. in Chapchyma pastures, bushes such as Rosaceae and Ephedra spp.in Chanach-Say pastures. It can be concluded that forage grass species are suffering from triple risks; overgrazing (near-village pastures), dominating non-edible plants, and climate change (remote pastures). It was found that in the last decade, Artemisia species moved up by 200 m in Chapchyma pastures due to changes in temperature and precipitation patterns. On the other hand it can be attributed to the drying Aral Sea which affects soil quality in mountain pastures. Such conditions also favour the growth of Artemisia species, which lead to aridization of mountain pastures in South-Western Tien-Shan. ; 広島大学大学院国際協力研究科平成23年度修士論文

投球予測における顕在的および潜在的知覚トレーニングの効果

Thu, 12 Jan 2012 +0900

田中, ゆふ

二層流域における船の定常造波に関する研究

Thu, 12 Jan 2012 +0900

佐野, 将昭 ; 本論文は全7章から成り,各章の構成は以下の通りである. , まず第1章は緒論である.研究背景と既往の研究をまとめ,本論文の目的,そして構成を記してある. , 第2章では,まず二層流域における船体の定常造波問題の仮定を述べる.そして自由表面が存在しない上層無限/下層有限水深の状況を考え,上層を一定速度で進行するソースのグリーン関数を導出する.本グリーン関数は内部境界条件と水底条件を満足するように求められ,内部波を誘起する造波グリーン関数である.併せて本章では,波の臨界速度,臨界フルード数について説明する.またグリーン関数の数値計算法をまとめる. , 第3章では,痩せ型船への適用を念頭に,一様流れの速度ポテンシャルに,自由表面と内部境界面の造波(波面間の干渉影響を含む)と水底の影響を表す速度ポテンシャルを足し合わせる事で流場を定義する.そしてまずは単一ソース及び没水回転楕円体の定常造波問題を解き,Yeung等[17]のグリーン関数を用いた計算結果との比較を通じて,今回提案する解法の妥当性を検証する.続いてWigley船型を対象に計算を実施し,痩せ型船の二層流域における造波抵抗と造波特性の関係を論じる. , 第4章では,肥型船への適用を念頭に,まず船体周りの流れを,“二層流域の自由表面を鏡面に見立てた深さ方向に対称な流場を,船体の二重模型が航行する時の流れ"で近似する.その流れには,内部境界面の造波と水底の影響が考慮される.そしてそれに自由表面の造波の影響と波面間の干渉影響を表す速度ポテンシャルを足し合わせる事で流場を定義する.本章では大型タンカーのESSO OSAKAを対象に,一層浅水域及び二層流域での造波抵抗や姿勢変化(船体沈下量/トリム角)を計算し,肥型船に及ぼされる浅水影響や内部波の造波影響を明確化する. , 第5章では,まず二層流域における揚力体の定常造波問題の仮定を述べる.そして第2章同様に,自由表面が存在しない上層無限/下層有限水深の状況を考え,舵を想定した矩形翼(翼厚は無視)が,上層を迎角を有して航走する場合の流れの速度場を定義する.続いて内部境界面の造波と水底の影響を速度場に反映させるに当たり,内部境界条件と水底条件を満足する渦点のグリーン関数を導出する.また渦輪/馬蹄渦によるグリーン関数を構築する.いずれも内部波を誘起する造波グリーン関数である.併せて本章では,渦輪によるグリーン関数を取り上げて,その誘導速度の計算方法を述べる. , 第6章では,第2章で導出したソースによるグリーン関数と第5章で導いた渦系によるグリーン関数を併用して,二層流域での舵の定常造波問題を定式化する.計算は,まず造波を伴わない一層の状況で実施する.具体的には,無限流体中と水底の近くで作動する状況を考えて,舵の基本的な特性を明らかにする.続いて自由表面下に十分没水した舵が内部境界面に接近する状況を想定して,内部波の影響による舵特性の変化を調査する. , 最後の第7章ではまとめと今後の課題を述べる.

Studies on Physiological Functions and Clinical Application of the Fermented Barley Extract P

Thu, 12 Jan 2012 +0900

外薗, 英樹

Effect of Climate Change on Socio-Economy and Vulnerability of Farmers in Nepal

Thu, 12 Jan 2012 +0900

Shrestha, Suman Lal ; Climate change will have effect on all sectors, but will vary in degree according to sector and region. Climate change will adversely affect sectors like agriculture and water which are dependent on climatic variables. People that are dependent on these sectors for their livelihood will be the most adversely affected by climate change. Subsistence farmers in developing countries like Nepal where agriculture is mainly rain-fed, and have very little resources and are unable to cope with changing climatic condition will be more vulnerable to climate change. So, it is very important to identify the groups and regions that are more vulnerable for policy or developmental intervention. , This research was conducted in order to study how climate change is having effect on the socio-economy and vulnerability of farmers. It tries to analyse the trend of climatic variables and climatic extreme of the study area and find how climatic variables are affecting yield of major food crops using regression analysis. Further, it also tries to study the adaptive capacity of farmers in the study area and captures their vulnerability. To capture adaptive capacity a semi-structured questionnaire survey was administered in Chitlang village development committee (VDC) of Makwanpur district and Namsaling VDC of Ilam district. Furthermore, vulnerability was calculated using integrated indicator approach. , The study analysed the trend of climatic variables such as temperature and rainfall, climatic extremes and also the effect of climatic variables on yield of major food crops of Nepal in both districts for the period from 1978 to 2008. The trend analysis found that in both the districts, the maximum temperature is increasing for summer and winter seasons as well as overall while minimum temperature was found to be increasing in Makwanpur district while it was in decreasing trend in Ilam district. Similar trends were found in the case of rainfall in both districts where it was found to be increasing in summer and decreasing in winter seasons. , The study showed that the effect of climate change on yield of major food crops except paddy in Makwanpur district had adverse impact. Similarly, in Ilam, except maize and potato, climate change had negative impact on all the food crops. Though the majority of climatic variables did not show any significant relation with yield, the analysis showed the direction in which the climate change has an effect. Further, trend analysis for yield of major crops was performed which showed that in Makwanpur district, the yield of paddy and maize was decreasing while other crops like millet, potato, wheat and barley was increasing. Similarly in the case of Ilam district, except yield of maize and millet, yield of other food crops was found to be in increasing trend. The potato was found to be rapidly increasing in both districts which is mainly due to the use of improved seeds and fertilizers. , Also, trend analysis of natural disasters showed that they have been increasing from mid 1990s and also the casualties caused by natural disasters were increasing in both districts. Descriptive analysis of socio-economic characteristics showed that there are high income disparities among the sampled households in both VDCs. In Chitlang VDCs there were only two categories of farmers among the sampled households, marginal and small according to landholding, while in Namsaling VDC, there were three categories of farmers; marginal, small and large. Though infrastructure was better in Chitlang than Namsaling, the literacy rate and farmers association was better in Namsaling. , The vulnerability analysis showed that the poorest sampled farmers households that lack resources in both districts were most vulnerable. In Makwanpur district, the variables like agricultural income, landholding, irrigation and livestock holding played important part in determining the vulnerability. But, in the case of Ilam, time taken to reach the infrastructure like road, health facilities, school, agricultural services and livestock services played important part. This showed that adaptive capacity will not just depend on few factors, but will differ according to the region. , Though the majority of the respondents were not aware of the term climate change, they noticed changes in climatic variables, especially in Namsaling than in Chitlang. Also, the respondents have noticed changes like faster ripening of fruits, invasion of plant species in higher altitude that used to grow in lower altitudes only and also started to notice mosquitoes in higher altitudes. ; 広島大学大学院国際協力研究科平成23年度修士論文

Economy-wide Impacts of consumer responses to environmental information disclosure in Tokyo and the other parts of Japan

Thu, 12 Jan 2012 +0900

Ichihashi, Masaru , Komatsu, Satoru , Kaneko, Shinji ; IDEC DP2 Series Vol.2 no.1 page.1-21 (201201) ; Environmental problems such as global warming due to GHG emissions have necessitated some constraint in our economic activities, as many countries and many people around the world are concerned about these issues. Environmental and economic policies such as carbon tax are one such constraint. , A tax policy can be interpreted as a desirable method that can lead the economy, which has to pay the social cost of false economic activity or market failure, to a more optimal path. However, this policy will surely raise prices of goods. On the one hand, thisprice rise will benefit the public sector, but on the other hand, consumers demand will decline.The magnitude of the reduction usually depends on the price elasticity of demand, and the increase in government gain depends on the necessity of the goods for the people. , Therefore, it is not necessarily trivial to ask whether the total effect of rising energy prices will be negative. In addition, nowadays, many people are concerned about environmental problems, and there are indications that consumers tend to change their purchasing behavior regarding certain goods to take environmental concerns into account even if this necessitates paying a higher price. , This paper will empirically prove how the rise in oil and gas prices due to environmental policies like carbon tax affects the total production/consumption when we take into account the change in consumer behavior reflecting their attitudes toward preventing global warming. The main result of the analysis using an input-output model and price elasticity of demand in several sectors will show that most of sectors do not experience a decline in production after a price rise except the biggest sector, real estate. In Japan, real estate might be the main target to support for consumers purchasing from the viewpoint of economic policy.

自動車破砕屑(ASR)に関する再資源化技術

Thu, 12 Jan 2012 +0900

黒瀬, 啓介

共働きに関する衛生学的研究

Wed, 11 Jan 2012 +0900

山本, 雅子 ; 広島大学医学雑誌 ; 広島市内の保育園,幼稚園,計24園の全園児及び保護者を対象に質問紙による調査等を行ない,共働きの有無により検討し以下の結果を得た。 , 1)一部の年長児を対象としたMN式発達スクリーニングによる結果から,精神発達において,非共働き群が良好であり,運動発達においては両群に相違は認められなかった。一方性格診断及び田研式両親態度診断検査では,概して共働き群が良好であった。 , 2)保母及び保護者による観察チェックでは,友達遊びにおいて,非共働き群は共働き群と比べ,友達とよく遊びかつけんかや泣くことが少なかった。 , 3)ライフスタイルについては,数量化理論第II類の結果より,判別に関連が大きいと考えられる項目は,生活リズム,兄弟数,近隣の友人関係などであった共働き群の子供は,就寝は遅く起床は早く,兄弟数は少なく,また近隣の遊び友達は少ない傾向にあった。 , 4)以上より精神発達には親子関係と共に子供同士の自由な遊びが重要だと思われるが,共働き群の子供に子供同士の自由な遊びを与える個人的及び社会的認識と対策が必要であると考察された。 , A survey by questionnaire was conducted for all pupils and their parents in 12 nurseries and 12 kindergartens in Hiroshima City. Influences upon infants with or without gainfully occupied couples (GOC) was investigated and the following results were obtained. , 1) The results on "MN Development Test" was showed that mental development was more excellent on the group of non-GOC than the group of GOC and that degree of physical development was no difference between both groups. On the other hand, the group of GOC was more excellent on "Takagi and Sakamoto Child Infant Personality Test" and "Tanaka Parent-Child Relation Test". , 2) The result of "Observation Check" by teachers and parents showed that the children of non-GOC was playing more frequently with their friends and had less frequently to quarrel and cry. , 3) According to the Analysis of Quantification Theory II of circumstances of life as an explaining factors, the group of GOC was highly distinguished from the group of non-GOC in items of "Time of waking up and going to bed", "Number of brothers and sisters", and "Relationship of neighborhood children". The children of GOC showed a tendency to sit up later, to get up earlier and to have less number of brothers and sisters and have less frequency to play with neighborhood children than the children of non-GOC. , 4) From these findings, it was suggested that parent-child relationship and liberal playing was significant to mental development of children, and it was necessary that people, personally, socially understand and support to give liberal playing to the children of GOC. , 広島県下81事業場の就業者及びその配偶者を対象として実施された質問紙による調査2,762人分の結果につき,妻の就業形態(A群:妻が常勤の共働き、B群:妻が常勤以外の共働き,C群:妻が専業主婦)よって男女各3群に分類し,仕事や生活の状況の相違や疲労の程度などを検討し,以下の結果を得た。 , 1)自覚的疲労・症状からみた疲労は,男では,休日前後とも3群別に相違は認められなかった。一方,女では,休日前の訴え率はA・B群はC群と比べ有意に高かった。休日後の訴え率では,A群とC群間には相違が指摘できなかったが,B群はC群より有意に訴え率が高かった。 , 2)精神的健康度の尺度とされるUPI訴え数は,男3群間の相違は認められなかった。女のAB群はC群と比べ有意に訴え数が高かった。 , 3)生活や仕事の状況からみると,妻の就労は夫に対しての影響は小さいが.妻に対してはいくつかの項目で悪影響が指摘された。 , 女ではA・B群はC群と比べ,自由時間が少ない,精神的・肉体的疲労感がある,起床時刻が早い,休養睡眠が十分でないなどの傾向があった。C群は,朝の活動を十分にする,充実している,楽しい毎日であるなどの傾向があった。 , 4)A・B群には,C群に比ベて6才以下の同居の子が少ないにもかかわらず,予防接種・検診を受けさせる,子どもの行事に参加する,子どもが病気の時の対応などの時間がないので困ると答えた者が多い傾向があった。 , 5)女性が職業を持つことに対する意識については,男女とも,A群には一生職業を持つ方がよいとする者の割合がB・C群よりも多く,C群には職業を持たない方がよい,結婚後は持たない方がよいなどと答えた者の割合がA・B群と比べ多かった。 , 6)数量化理論第II類を用いて検討した結果では,3群のうちいずれか2群間の判別的中率は男71.6～77.6%,女80.2～85.8%であり,男より女の判別が良好であった。判別に関連すると考えられる上位項目は,子どもの有無・状況、配達物の受取,女性が職業を持つことに対する意識などであった。男女いずれの分析においても,疲労のタイプや自覚的疲労症状訴え数の多少などの項目は,判別に関連する項目として上位に上ってこなかった。 , 7)以上により,妻が就業することに伴う家事・育児などの負担は,一方的に妻にかかっていることか推察された。このことは,第1報で指摘した共働き群の幼児の精神発達が良好でなかった原因と関連があると推察された。 , 女性の就業率の増加と共に,出産後も仕事を続ける共働きが増加しつつある現在において,子供への影響を防ぐためには,早急に個人的・社会的対応策の検討と実行とが必要であると考察された。 , A survey by questionnaire was conducted for all laborers in 81 enterprises in Hiroshima prefecture and their wives, in total 2726 persons. All respondents were classified into 3 groups of men and women according to the working type of wives, i. e. Group A: gainfully occupied couples with full-time worker of wives, Group B: gainfully occupied couples without full-time worker of wives and Group C: non-gainfully occupied couples with their housewives. The following results were obtained according to examine the difference of working or life condition and the degree of fatigue in each groups. , In male, there is no differences in 3 groups for the number of complaints of subjective fatigue symptoms, the number of complaints of UPI and the condition of life or work. , In female, it was higher in group A or B than in group C on the ratio of complaints of subjective fatigue symptoms before holiday and the number of complaints UPI. In group A or B, there was also undersirable influence on the condition of life or work on some subjects. It was supposed that the responsibility for childcare was less in group A than the other group according to the condition of their children. Nevertheless, there were many person who complained of corresponding to their children. , On the other hand, in the analysis of Quantification Theory II, it was supposed that high ranking items relevant to the discrimination was derived from the difference of the condition of chidren and the working style of wives. , From the above-mentioned observations, it was considered that working of wives was no influence on their husband, but obligation of wives was increased. Furthermore, it was considered that, in families with infants, working of wives gave undersirable influences to the mental development of their children as indicated in previous report.

2種のInterleukin-8(IL-8)好中球スーパーオキシドアニオン産生に及ぼす影響に関する研究

Wed, 11 Jan 2012 +0900

飯田, 典久 ; 広島大学医学雑誌 Vol.41 no.5 page.295-304 ; ヒト好中球スーパーオキシドアニオン(O2-)産生に及ぼすInterleukin-8(IL-8)の影響を検討した。IL-8には主に,72個のアミノ酸よりなる[IL-8]72および77個のアミノ酸よりなる[IL-8]77があり,両者の比較検討も行った。 , [IL-8]72,[IL-8]77共に1×10-8M以上の濃度で好中球O2-産生を直接誘導した。しかしその活性は他の好中球走化因子であるN-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine(FMLP)やC5aと比較して弱く,チトクロムC還元能測定法では検出困難であり,高感度なO2-測定法である2-methyl-6-phenyl-3,7-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-one(CLA)依存性化学発光法で測定可能であった。[IL-8]72あるいは[IL-8]77による化学発光パターン(O2-産生パターンはFMLP,C5aによるそれに類似していたか,両IL-8のO2-産生量は細胞外Ca2+,Mg2+の有無に関係せず,FMLP,C5aとは異なっていた。両IL-8とも細胞内遊離Ca2+([Ca2+]i)を上昇させる作用を認めたが,その上昇はFMLPの場合に比べ少量,短時間であった。 , O2-産生誘導及び[Ca2+]iの上昇作用では[IL-8]77に比し[IL-8]72のほうが活性が強かった。[IL-8]72で充分刺激した後[IL-8]77で刺激をしても新たな反応は見られなかった。しかし,[IL-8]77で充分刺激した後[IL-8]72で刺激すると少量であるが新たな反応が見られた。これは両タイプIL-8の,好中球表面レセプター(IL-8R)に対する親和性の差を示唆していると思われる。 , 好中球を1×10-10M以上の濃度のIL-8で37℃,10分間preincubationすると,その後のFMLPあるいはC5a刺激によるO2-産生量は増大された。両IL-8にはFMLPやC5a刺激による好中球酸素代謝に対しプライミング効果を持ち合わせていると思われた。この作用はこれまでの直接刺激作用と異なり,[IL-8]72,[IL-8]77共にほぼ同程度であった。 , 以上より,[IL-8]72及び[IL-8]77は好中球に対し共にO2-産生誘導及び[Ca2+]i上昇といった直接作用を呈しうるが,その生物学的活性はin vitroでは[IL-8]72がより強力であった。 , また,FMLP,C5a刺激による好中球酸素代謝に対するプライミング作用も認められ,その作用は[IL-8]72,[IL-8]77共に同程度の活性を示すことが確認された。 , 両IL-8は実際の炎症の場において,他の好中球走化因子と作用しあって,好中球機能を調節している可能性があると推測された。 , There are two predominant forms of interleukin-8 (IL-8), 72 amino acid type produced by monocytes ([IL-8]72) and 77 amino acid type produced by endothelial cells ([IL-8]77). Both forms of IL-8, potent chenrotactic factors for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), were investigated for the ability to stimulate or prime the oxygen metabolism of PMN. Both forms of IL-8 can trigger O2- release and an increase in cytoplasmic-free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) of PMN. These O2- release could be detected with 2-methyl-6-phenyl-3, 7-dihydroimidazo[1, 2-a]pyrazin-3-one (CLA)-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) but not with cytochrome C reduction. These different observations were due to the difference in the sensitivity to detect O2-, between CLA-dependent CL and cytochrome C reduction. The potency for both forms of IL-8 to trigger O2-, release was weak as compared with that induced by other chemotactic peptide, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) or C5a. [IL-8]72 was more potent than , [IL-8]77 to trigger O2- release and an increase in [Ca2+]i. , With respect to trigger O2- release and an increase in [Ca2+]i, PMN stimulated with [IL-8]72 failed to respond to subsequent stimulation with either [IL-8]72 or [IL-8]77. However, PMN fully desensitized to [IL-8]77 could partially respond to following stimulation with [IL-8]72. , Both forms of IL-8 could prime the oxygen metabolism of PMN followed by FMLP or C5a stimulation in the low concentrations. Both forms of IL-8 were almost equipotent to prime PMN. , These results suggest that [IL-8]72 is more potent than [IL-8]77 to stimulate human PMN directly, whereas [IL-8]77 is potentialy similar to [IL-8]72 to prime human PMN followed with FMLP or C5a stimulation, raising the possibility that the interaction of the chemotactic peptides might modulate the function of PMN at the inflammatory sites.

慢性拘束ストレスによる脳内セロトニン代謝及びセロトニン受容体の変化とイミプラミン,ブスピロンの影響

Wed, 11 Jan 2012 +0900

瀬良, 裕邦 ; 広島大学医学雑誌 Vol.39 no.6 page.513-527 ; ラットに1時間(単回)ないし22時間/日の金網拘束ストレスを1日,3日及び7日間負荷し,ラット脳の3部位(前頭皮質:FC,視床+視床下部:TH,延髄+橋:PO)におけるセロトニン代謝及びセロトニン受容体の経時的な変化を検討した.さらにimipramine(10mg/kg,i.p.)とbuspirone(5mg/kg,i.p.)を投与し両薬剤の影響も併せて検討し,以下のような結果を得た。 , 1)拘束負荷時の5-HT,5-HIAA濃度の経時的変化では,5-HT濃度はFC,THで3日目に軽度の増加を認めた、5-HIAA濃度は3部位で1日目より著明な増加を認めた。増加率はFC,THでは1日目が最大となり,POでは3日目が最大となり,以後は徐々に減少していった。5-HIAA/5-HT ratioは3部位共に1日目で最大となり,FC,THでは3日目に急減したが,POでは7日目に減少していった。 , 2)拘束1日および7日負荷後のFCにおける5-HT2受容体及び5-HT1A受容体の解離定数(KD),最大結合数(Bmax)には変化がなかった。 , 3)Imipramine単独では急性投与でセロトニン代謝に影響せず,7日間投与で5-HIAA濃度を減少させた。ストレス負荷による5-HIAA,5-HIAA/5-HT上昇に対しては1日目からPOを除いては抑制したが,7日目では全脳部位で抑制が明らかになった。Buspironeは急性投与ではセロトニン代謝を抑制したが,1日投与では影響がなく7日投与では拘束ストレスによるセロトニン代謝亢進をさらに増強させた。 , 4)Imipramineは7日間投与で拘束ストレスの有無に関係なく5-HT2受容体数を減少させたが,5-HT1A受容体には影響しなかった。Buspironeは急性投与,慢性投与のいずれでも5-HT2,5-HT1A受容体に影響しなかった。 , 以上より拘束ストレス負荷によリセロトニン代謝の亢進が起こり,時間とともに適応状態が成立するが,投射部位であるFC,THでは成立が早く,起始核を含むPOでは成立が遅いことが示された。また,FCの5-HT1A,5-HT2受容体は拘束ストレスによるセロトニン代謝の亢進に影響を受けないことが明らかになった。 , Imipramineの抗うつ効果は慢性投与時やストレス負荷時にセロトニン代謝を抑制し,慢性投与で5-HT2受容体を減少させることにより発現すると考えられる。しかし,最近抗うつ効果を示すと報告されているbuspironeは急性投与時にセロトニン代謝を抑制したのみで慢性投与時にはむしろ亢進させ,セロトニン受容体には影響しなかったことより抗うつ効果として共通の作用は見いだせなかった。 , Effects of restraint stress on serotonin metabolism and serotonin receptors were examined in 3 discrete brain regions (frontal cortex (FC), thalamus+hypothalamus (TH), medulla+pons (PO)) of the rat. , 1) 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) concentrations were significantly increased in all regions examined after 1 day stress and remained increased at 3 and 7 days. The degree of increase, however, was attenuated gradually. , 2) 5-HT2 and 5- HT1A receptors did not change in the frontal cortex after chronic stress. , 3) Serotonin metabolism did not change in any regions after acute imipramine, while 5-HIAA concentration was decreased following 7 days imipramine treatment. Imipramine suppressed the stress-induced increase in serotonin metabolism in FC and TH but not in PO. Serotonin metabolism was slightly suppressed by acute buspirone, but stress-induced enhancement of serotonin metabolism was further accelerated by chronic buspirone. , 4) 5-HT2 receptors decreased follwing 7 days administration of imipramine with or without stress, but 5-HT1A receptors did not change. 5-HT2 and 5-HT1A receptors did not change after administrations of buspirone. , These findings demonstrate that serotonin metabolism was increased after stress and that the degree of increase attenuated gradually, suggesting the development of stress adaptation. The adaptation occurred faster in FC and TH than in PO. Moreover, the present study suggests different antidepressant mechanisms between imipramine and buspirone.

本態性高血圧症患者における赤血球膜Na輸送に関する研究

Wed, 11 Jan 2012 +0900

木戸, 幸司 ; 広島大学医学雑誌 Vol.37 no.6 page.903-914 ; 本態性高血圧症患者における赤血球膜Na輸送の特性およびそれと食塩摂取量との関連について検討した。 , 研究1:本態性高血圧症患者および正常血圧対照者における赤血球内Na濃度および赤血球膜Na輸送活性の検討 , 本態性高血圧症患者37例および正常血圧対照者26例を対象とし,食塩摂取量8-10g/日の常塩食下で,赤血球内Na濃度をへマトクリット毛細管法で測定した。赤血球膜Na輸送は,Na-Kポンプ活性をCumberbatch変法で,Na-K共軛輸送をPriceの変法で,Na-Li対向輸送をCanessaの変法で測定した。 , 1)高血圧群の赤血球内Na濃度は対照群に比し高値の傾向を認めた。 , 2)高血圧群は対照群に比し,Na-Kポンプ活性は低値の傾向を,Na-K共軛輸送は低値を,Na-Li対向輸送は高値を示した。 , 3)高血圧群,対照群の両群において,赤血球内Na濃度はNa-Kポンプ活性と負の相関を,Na-K共軛輸送と正の相関を示した。 , 4)両群ともに血圧は赤血球内Na濃度との間に有意な相関を示さなかった。 , 研究2:本態性高血圧症患者における血圧,赤血球内Na濃度および赤血球膜Na輸送におよぼす食塩摂取量変化の影響の検討 , 本態性高血圧症患者22例を対象に1週間の減塩食(3g/日),ひき続き1週間の増塩食(20g/日)を摂取せしめた。減塩期および増塩期の最終日に赤血球内Na濃度,Na-Kポンプ活性,Na-K共軛輸送およびNa-Li対向輸送を測定し,増塩によるこれらの変化を検討した。 , 1)増塩による赤血球内Na濃度の変化率はNa-Kポンプ活性の変化率と負の相関を,Na-K共軛輸送の変化率および平均血圧の変化率と正の相関を示した。 , 2)増塩による平均血圧との増加率が5%以上を示した食塩感受性群においては,増塩によりNa-Kポンプ活性は抑制され,赤血球内Na濃度は増加,Na-K共軛輸送は亢進した。平均血圧の増加率が5%未満の食塩非感受性群では,赤血球内Na濃度,Na-Kポンプ活性およびNa-K共軛輸送のいずれも変化を示さなかった。両群とも,Na-Li対向輸送は増塩により変化を示さなかった。 , 以上より, , 1)本態性高血圧症患者においてはNa-Kポンプ活性の抑制傾向,赤血球内Na濃度の高値傾向,Na-K共軛輸送の抑制およびNa-Li対向輸送の亢進が認められた。 , 2)赤血球内Na濃度は,Na-Kポンプ活性のみならずNa-K共軛輸送にも関連していることが明らかとなった。 , 3)増塩に伴う赤血球内Na濃度の変化率は,増塩に伴う平均血圧の変化率すなわち食塩感受性に関連していると考えられた。 , The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of sodium transport systems in erythrocytes and the relationship between changes in blood pressure after salt loading and those in patients with essential hypertension (HT). , Study 1: Simultaneous measurements of intraerythrocytic sodium concentration ([Na]i), activities of Na-K pump (Pump), activities of Na -K cotransport (COT) and activities of Na-Li countertransport (SLC) were made in both HT and normotensive controls (NT) under regular salt diet (8-10 g/day). In HT, [Na]i and SLC were higher and Pump and COT were lower than those in NT. [Na]i was negatively correlated with Pump but positively with COT. , Study 2: Blood pressure, [Na]i, Pump, COT and SLC were measured in HT during low salt diet (3 g/day) of one week and during high salt diet (20 g/day) of one week. [Na]i and COT were increased and Pump was inhibited in salt-sensitive patients whose mean blood pressure changing from low to high salt diet increased by more than 5%, but were unchanged in nonsalt-sensitive patients. Percent changes in [Na]i from low to high salt diet were negatively correlated with those in Pump but positively with those in COT. , The results of these studies indicate that: , 1) sodium transport systems in HT were characterized by reduced Pump and COT and elevated [Na]i and SLC, , 2) [Na]i is related not only to Pump but also to COT, and , 3) changes in [Na]i after salt loading participate in changes in blood pressure after salt loading.

Expression of the Multidrug Resistance Gene In Human Tumors

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金, 隆史 ; Hiroshima Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.39 no.3 page.71-77 ; The expression of MDR1 gene was investigated in human solid tumors with respect to adriamycin resistance. Forty fresh human surgical specimens were analyzed by RNA dot blot assay for their expression of the human MDR1 gene and by immunohistological staining using a monoclonal antibody against P-glycoprotein (MDR1 gene product). The MDR1 mRNA level was increased in 11 cases of 40 cancer patients, including three rectal cancers, two breast cancers, two gastric cancers, one colon cancer, one renal cell carcinoma, one gall bladder cancer and one malignant lymphoma of stomach. However, considerable variation of the MDR1 mRNA level was noted among cancers of a specific type. Immunohistochemical studies with the monoclonal antibody were shown to be positive in 18 tumors. In all tumors tested, the MDR1 mRNA level and the immunohistochemical analysis showed a significant correlation. However, two of five tumors which resisted adriamycin treatment were found to be negative in MDR1 transcript, but positive in immunohistological analysis. These results indicate that immunohistochemical analysis would be more sensitive for detecting P-glycoprotein-expression, and that resistance to adriamycin, being multifactorial, can be associated at least, in part with the increased amount of MDR1 gene product.

Crystal Chemistry and Structure of Vesuvianite

Wed, 11 Jan 2012 +0900

大川, 真紀雄 ; The chemical variation of vesuvianite samples from 16 different localities, eleven in Japan, two in Norway, one in Canada, Pakistan, and Russia, have been examined using electron-microprobe analyses. For some of selected samples boron content was also examined. Results of analyses were reduced to formula unit on the basis of 50 cations excluding B. , The crystal structures of six high-symmetry (P4/nnc) vesuvianite from Japan and three low-symmetry (non-P4/nnc) vesuvianites from Japan, Pakistan and Norway were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The nine crystals have the following cell parameters; a = 15.568(2), 15.559(3), 15.528(3), 15.472(2), 15.564(2), 15.559(3), 15.572(2), 15.759(1), 15.563(2); c = 11.790(1), 11.797(2), 11.755(2), 11.754(1), 11.841(1), 11.826(2), 11.833(2), 11.727(1), 11.818(1) Å, respectively. The structure refinements were carried out in the space group P4/nne, P4/n and P4nc. The final R indices for 1821, 1493, 1357, 1415, 3024, 3743, 2053, 1745 and 1873 independent reflections are 0.038, 0.031, 0.040, 0.032, 0.063, 0.082, 0.038, 0.039 and 0.042, respectively. The EXAFS method was also used to investigate the local environment of the Cu and Mn ions in the crystal structure of vesuvianites from Norway and Japan. , The chemical analyses of low-symmetry vesuvianites indicate a very small amount of F and almost negligible Cl while high-symmetry one contains a considerable amount of F and Cl. The high-symmetry vesuvianite can contain Cl- ions preferentially occupying the O(10) site which is split into two sites; one is occupied by Cl- and the other by F. The chemical compositions of high-symmetry vesuvianites are more variable than those of low-symmetry vesuvianites. , The ordering of cation and vacancy in the two alternately and statistically occupied sites in a unit cell causes the lowering of the symmetry from the space group P4/nnc to P4/n or P4nc. The ordering scheme of P4nc structure is firstly confirmed in this paper. In the three low-symmetry vesuvianites, the refined site occupancy ratios for occupied (B(a) and C(a)) and vacant sites (B(b) and C(b)) are 63:37, 62:38 and 92:8 (%), respectively, and the values suggest that the ordering in these crystals is not complete. , In low-symmetry vesuvianite, the satisfaction of the local charge balance on O(10) anions requires alternate occupancy of oxygen and hydroxyl with an associated hydrogen bond and ordering sequences of cations. In Cl- and F-bearing high-symmetry vesuvianite, on the other hand, occupying of Cl and F in O(10) sites interrupts the sequences of cations and vacancies along the fourfold rotation axes. , Boron-bearing vesuvianite from Russia contain more Mg and less Al than those of boron-free vesuvianite. Boron occupies the additional cation sites, tetrahedrally coordinated site at the 8h position and triangularly coordinated site at the 2a position. The excess of the scattering power at these sites derived from the measured amounts of boron indicates that some elements other than boron should occupy in boron positions.

広島大学図書館所蔵の奈良絵本たち

Wed, 11 Jan 2012 +0900

広島大学図書館研究開発室 ; Library Navigator Series (2) 「お伽草子を聴く、観る、読む、 : 広島大学図書館所蔵の貴重書をめぐって」会場展示作品目録 , 広島大学文学研究科第3回「文藝学校」展示目録

手関節の運動動態に関する実験的研究

Wed, 11 Jan 2012 +0900

望月, 由 ; 広島大学医学雑誌 Vol.39 no.1 page.105-126 ; 手関節障害の病態を解明すべく,正常手関節の運動動態を対象とした研究が過去数多くなされてきた。肢位を変えて撮影した単純レ線写真や,連続動態撮影(cineradiography)を用いた研究などである。しかし,手根骨は小さく複雑な形態をしているため,レ線写貞上の角度測定で目印となる特徴的な所見に乏しく,測定できる手根骨も限られ,特に三角骨周囲の運動をレ線学的にとらえて解析することは極めて困難であった。また,レ線写真正面像で得られる所見は少なく,各手根骨間の角度測定を有効に行えるのは側面像であり,運動を1方向から解析しているにすぎなかった。しかも,手根骨は多軸性の回転運動を行っているため,測定値が手根骨の運動を正確に反映しておらず,撮影時のわずかなねじれにより測定値が大きく変動する欠点が指摘されてきた。そこで著者は,手根骨の3次元運動に相応できるように,ひずみ計を用いた測定装置を考案し,現在まで解析が極めて困難とされてきた三角骨周囲の運動動態を含めた手関節全般の運動動態を解析した。なお,実験にはarterial embalming方式で保存された屍体30体,36手関節を用いた。その結果,各運動方向で手関節の運動動態はおのおの異なり,現在までに発表された理論の1つで手関節のすべての運動動態を理解することは極めて難しいという結論に達した。すなわち,背屈運動では,背屈30度までは掌側の靭帯を介して舟状骨と三角骨は遠位手根骨列と密接に関連して背屈し,その背屈力は手根骨間靭帯を介して月状骨に伝達されるが,特に手関節尺側部分が橈側部分より密接に関連して運動し,背屈力は舟状骨よりも三角骨を介して月状骨に伝達される。 , それに加えて有頭骨が月状骨を背屈させるため,手根中央関節の中では有頭骨・月状骨間が最大の運動を示す。背屈30度以上では,橈骨遠位関節面の掌側への傾斜のために近位手根骨列の背屈が制限され,手関節の背屈は主に手根中央関節で行われる。掌屈運動では,背屈運動と異なり手根中央関節で密接に関連した運動は認められず,各手根骨の関節面の形態と摩擦力により掌屈力が遠位手根骨列から近位手根骨列に伝達されるが,手関節橈側部分が尺側部分より密接に関連して運動し,掌屈力は舟状骨を介して月状骨に伝達される。さらに,有頭骨からの掌屈力が舟状骨からの掌屈力に加わり月状骨から三角骨に伝達されるため,三角骨・有頭骨間に最大の運動が認められる。背屈運動と掌屈運動は同一平面上の運動ではあるが,力の伝達経路が異なると考えられた。橈屈運動では,有頭骨を中心として遠位手根骨列が橈側へ回転することにより.舟状骨が尺側へ移動しながら掌屈し,その力は月状骨から三角骨へと伝達される。三角骨周囲の運動は橈屈10度以上で増大する。尺屈運動では,有頭骨を中心として遠位手根骨列が尺側へ回転することにより三角骨が橈側へ移動しながら背屈し,その力は月状骨から舟状骨へ伝達される。同一平面上の運動ではあるが,尺屈運動では橈屈運動と異なり,各手根骨の運動が円滑に行われる。以上のごとく,運動方向により異なる動態を示す手関節運動の中で,円滑に行われていたのは掌屈および尺屈運動であり,橈骨遠位関節面の形態が手関節運動に大きな影響を与えると考えられた。 , さらに,手関節運動における橈骨手根関節と手根中央関節の関与の割合については以下のごとく結論した。すなわち,背屈運動では,背屈30度までは橈骨手根関節と手根中央関節は同じ割合で運動するが,背屈30度以上では手根中央関節での運動が主体である。掌屈運動では,掌屈40度までは橈骨手根関節と手根中央関節はほぼ等しい割合で動き,掌屈40度以上では椀骨手根関節の動きはわずかに認められるに過ぎず,手根中央関節の運動が主体である。橈屈運動では,橈骨手根関節と手根中央関節の両者にほぼ等しい運動が認められる。尺屈運動では,手根中央関節の運動も認められるが,橈骨手根関節の運動が主体である。 , 著者が考案し作製した測定装置は,従来の方法では測定が極めて困難とされてきた手関節尺側部分,特に三角骨周囲の運動を含めた手関節全体の3次元運動を解析するのに有用であった。また,この測定装置は舟状骨骨折,Colles骨折,Kienböck病や手根不安定症などの実験モデルへの応用も可能と考えられ,これらの手関節障害の病態の解明に役立つものと推考する。 , Although many experimental and clinical studies have been reported in the past, the kinematics of the wrist joint is still controversial. And wrist motion is notoriously difficult to measure on radiographs. Consequently, we measured the carpal motion directly by means of strain gauge attached to measuring apparatus. The relative motions between two selected carpal bones or between the lunate and the radius during wrist motion were studied using thirty cadaver specimens. , In summary, the following conclusions are drawn : , 1. Extension is about equally divided between radiocarpal and midcarpal joints below 30°angle. Over 30°angle, extension takes place mainly at the midcarpal joint. , 2. Flexion is about equally divided between radiocarpal and midcarpal joints below 40°angle. Over 40°angle, flexion takes place mainly at the midcarpal joint. There is a greater contribution by the midcarpal joints to flexion than extension. , 3. Radial flexion is about equally divided between radiocarpal and midcarpal joints. , 4. Ulnar flexion takes place more at the radiocarpal than the midcarpal joint, although both contribute. , 5. The measuring apparatus is very useful to analyse the three dimensional movements of wristr joints. This study offers fundamental data which may contribute to elucidate the pathogenesis of wrist joint disorders.

一様流中に噴出した旋回噴流の流動に関する研究

Tue, 10 Jan 2012 +0900

吉廻, 秀久 ; 本論文はボイラ火炉の設計において必要なバーナとかエアポート噴流の炉内流動を予測する手段を開発したものである. , 第1に,一様流中に噴出した旋回噴流の流動特性を明らかにした. , 第2に,実験結果から旋回噴流の湾曲に対する実験式を提案した. , 第3に,市販の数値計算コードを用いてシミュレーションし,ボイラ火炉の実用範囲において適用可能なことを明らかにした. , 第4に可視化画像から濃度分布と速度分布を算出する可視化計測法を開発した. , 以下に各章における要点を記述する. , 第2章「画像処理を用いた流動解析」では,1)フェノールフタレインの発色を利用した酸塩基中和法に画像処理を加えて濃度分布を求めるシステムを開発した. , 2)トレーサ粒子をスリット光で照明する流れの可視化法に画像処理を加えることによって,断面内の瞬間の速度分布及び時間平均した速度分布と濃度分布が計測できるシステムを開発した. , 3)上記2つの計測法を一様流中に円形自由噴流を噴出する実験に適用し,噴流の湾曲を示すPatrickの式と比較した.壁の影響が見られないX/D<4の領域において,濃度分布の稜線の位置H0(噴流中心軸からの高さ方向への距離)の誤差は30%以内である. , 第3章「単純旋回噴流の計測」では,酸塩基中和法による実験から等濃度線を求め次の知見を得た. , 1)Sw<0.97では旋回噴流はスワール数の増加に伴い,偏向量も広がり幅も増大する. , 2)Sw>0.97では偏向量,広がり幅ともに増加しない. , 3)旋回噴流の中心軌跡に対する実験式を作り,Sw<0.97で実験結果を表現できることを確認した. , また,トレーサ法による実験から次の知見を得た. , 4)本旋回発生器では内部がスロート径程度の強制渦でその外側が自由渦であるランキン渦が発生する. , 5)X/D=1の断面を正面から見た場合,旋回噴流の下流には旋回方向と逆の渦が生じる. , 第4章「単純旋回噴流の数値シミュレーション」では,単純旋回噴流を一様流中に噴出する数値シミュレーションを行い,以下の結果を得た. , 1)旋回力の小さい場合には,計算結果は分布形,到達距離,噴流幅とも実験値と良く一致する. , 2)旋回力の大きいSw=0.76の場合には実験との間に差が生じる.この主原因は,計算における誤差と考えられる. , 3)容器寸法を変えて計算した結果,Sw<0.76では顕著な差は見られられないことから,スロート径に対する容器寸法の影響は実験範囲内では小さいと推定される. , 第5章「2重旋回噴流の計測」では,2重旋回噴流を一様流中に噴出する実験を行い,以下の結果を得た. , 1)2重旋回噴流の1次流はX/D<2で2次流とほとんど混合せず直進する.X/D>2では急激に混合し高さ方向に偏向する. , 2)2重旋回噴流の濃度分布は単純旋回噴流の場合と同様に左右非対称となる. , 3)1次流と2次流の流量比M1/M2=0.3/0.7(Sw=0.72)において,単純旋回噴流ではX/D<2の噴流中心軸上で逆流するのに対し,2重旋回噴流では順方向に流れる第6章「2重旋回噴流の数値シミュレーション」では,流路面積比A1/A2=0.4/0.6,Sw<0.92の範囲において,実験結果と計算値は濃度の絶対値に差があるものの分布形は概ね一致した.濃度分布において等濃度領域の面積,到達距離,広がり幅を比較し以下の知見を得た. , 1)Y/D=0の側面図において等濃度領域の面積は最大7%で一致する.各等濃度領域の噴流軸方向Xへの到達距離はSw=0.72の場合を除き,1.5D以内で一致する. , 2)X/D=1,3における正面図において等濃度領域の面積は15%以内で一致する.各等濃度領域の幅方向Yへの広がりY0は1D以内で一致する. , 第7章「実炉の計算」では,一様流中へ噴出した旋回噴流の工業上の実施例として,LNG焚大型ボイラ火炉内の燃焼シミュレーションを行った.乱流モデルには一般k-εモデル,燃焼モデルにはアレニウス型気相反応モデル,伝熱モデルには光線追跡法を使用した.火炉中央部を除いて噴流の湾曲量を実験式と比較すると両者は0.1D以内の差で一致した.また,50%,70%,100%負荷の条件における火炉出口断面の平均温度は実測と20℃以内で一致した.これより,数値シミュレーションに対して,市販コードが適用できる見通しを得た. , 第8章「結論」では,本論分の各章で得られた結果を総括して述べた.

急性肺障害の病態発生機序に関する実験的研究 : 特に血小板活性化因子(PAF)の関与について

Tue, 10 Jan 2012 +0900

中野, 喜久雄 ; 広島大学医学雑誌 Vol.37 no.3 page.409-434 ; 酸による急性肺障害の病態生理に対する血小板活性化因子(PAF)の関係およびその作用機序として迷走神経反射を介する機序の解明を目的とした。雑種成犬に塩酸と精製PAFの気道内注入をそれぞれ行って気道内圧,肺および心循環動態,血液ガス,末梢血中の白血球および血小板数,肺血管外水分量,病理組織像などの変化を検討した。さらにこれらの変化に対して,PAF受容体拮抗阻害剤であるCV-3988と副交感神経遮断剤であるアトロピンの影響を比較検討した、その成績は要約すると以下の如くである。 , I.酸による急性肺障害に対するPAFの関与 , 1)CV-3988は塩酸および精製PAFのそれぞれの注入により生じる早期の著明な最大気道内圧(AWPpeak)の上昇を有意に抑制した。 , 2)CV-3988は塩酸による動脈血O2分圧(Pao2)の低下を有意に抑制し,精製PAFによる低下を抑制する傾向を示した。 , 3)CV-3988は塩酸による早期の心拍出量の低下を抑制する傾向を示し,精製PAFによる著明な低下を有意に抑制した。 , 4)CV-3988は塩酸および精製PAFのそれぞれの注入による末梢血中の白血球および血小板数の減少を同様に抑制する傾向を示した。 , 5)塩酸の注入による肺血管外水分量の増加はCV-3988で抑制される傾向を示したが,精製PAFによる増加においては明らかな傾向を認めなかった。また病理組織像において,同様に著明な出血性肺水腫と好中球の間質および肺胞腔への浸潤を認めたが,CV-3988では抑制されなかった。 , これらのことにより,酸による急性肺障害においてはPAFが産生され,その生理活性を介して気道攣縮とそれに伴う低酸素血症,および心機能低下の発生に関与していることが示唆された。 , II.酸による急性肺障害に対するPAFの作用機序-特に迷走神経反射を介する機序について , 1)アトロピンは精製PAFと塩酸のそれぞれの注入による早期のAWPpeakの上昇およびPao2の低下をほぼ完全に抑制した。 , 2)アトロピンは精製PAFによる心拍数の減少をほぼ完全に抑制し,塩酸による減少傾向を抑制する傾向を示した。 , これらのことより,PAFは迷走神経反射を介して気道攣縮を惹起し,さらに酸による急性肺障害の気道攣縮においてもPAFの同様な作用が示唆された。 , 以上の検討により,酸による急性肺障害においてPAFが産生され,その生理活性を介して早期の気道攣縮,低酸素血症および心機能低下へ関与することが示唆された。特に気道攣縮に対してはPAFが迷走神経反射弓へ作用し,酸による直接的な反射性攣縮を増強する機序が結論づけられた。今後,PAF受容体拮抗阻害剤はこの方面で臨床応用されるべき必要性のあることが考えられた。 , To evaluate the role of PAF on the pathogenesis of acid aspiration induced lung injury, the effects of CV-3988, a PAF antagonist, and atropine were examined on the cardiopulmonary alterations caused by intratracheal instillation of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and natural PAF, respectively, in ventilated dogs. The following results were obtained: , 1) HCl-instillation caused an immediate increase in peak airway opening pressure (AWPpeak) as well as PAF-instillation. Pretreatment with CV-3988 inhibited similarly these increases. And concomitant changes in arterial oxygen tension (Pao2) were also observed. , 2) A rapid fall in cardiac output after HCl-instillation tended to be attenuated by CV-3988, which blocked a similar change induced by PAF. , 3) CV-3988 tended to attenuate transient decreases in circulating leukocyte and platelet counts induced by HCl as well as those by PAF. , 4) Extravascular lung water after HCl- and PAF-instillation, respectively, significantly increased as compared to that after vehicle instillation, but CV-3988 did not alter these chnges. , 5) Pretreatment with atropine abolished the rapid risen AWPpeak and the decreased Pao2 and heart rate induced by PAF as well as those by HCl. , These findings suggest that PAP may enhance the bronchoconstriction by vagal reflex and cardiovascular derangements in acid aspiration-induced lung injury.

慢性分裂病の衝動病理学的側面からの検討

Tue, 10 Jan 2012 +0900

山崎, 正数 ; 1)著者は慢性精神分裂病患者(男性22名、女性18名)を対象にソンディ・テストを10回法で実施し、慢性精神分裂病患者の病態を衝動病理学的側面から検討した。 , 2)因子反応では男女共通して憎悪感情(e-)の高率な存在、そして男性では膨張(p+)および依存と執着(m+)、女性では投影(p-)および別離(m-)が特徴であった。またh、m因子の相圧関係より、精神分裂病者の対象喪失状況を考察した。 , 3)ベクター反応では、性衝動領域では日本人の特徴的反応である+-が頻発していた。感情衝動領域では反応の分散と頻回の鏡像反応を認め、最も不安定な衝動領域であり、感情鈍麻の背景に衝動的な感情の不安定さの存在が判明した。自我衝動領域では鏡像反応が多く、平凡反応と精神分裂病に特徴的な反応の両者にまたがる反応(類平凡反応)が多かった。この類平凡反応の出現が多いことが精神分裂病者で指摘されている「自我の脆弱性」を衝動病理学的に裏付ける所見と考えた。接触衝動領域では男女とも孤立化を意味する反応が多く出現し、接触性の障害が明らかとなった。以上のことから慢性精神分裂病者では辺縁の衝動危険性に対し、核心の防衛機能が十分に作用しない状況にあると考えた。特殊な鏡像反応の出現が全鏡像反応中約45%を占め、精神分裂病の衝動危険性を一層示唆する所見であった。 , 4)精神分裂病に関連する核心のバリエーションの出現率は高く、男性では感情病的核心の出現が多かった。てんかん型核心も多かったが臨床的にはてんかんとの関連はなかった。存在形式の中では櫛症候群はなく、男性で快楽症候群が多かった。 , 5)衝動過圧はh+への集中が認められ、性衝動の不充足が示唆された。 , 6)傾向緊張商と症状反応百分率の問には相関はなかった。性度指数と社会性指数に特徴的と考えられる所見はなかった。 , 7)衝動構造式では自我衝動領域と接触衝動領域の因子が症状因子を構成していた。これらの症状因子は慢性精神分裂病の病態を意味する反応だけに、臨床的に有用であった。衝動範疇としては安全弁範疇の割合が高かく、現実の衝劃危険性は防衛されていることを意味し、慢性精神分裂病の特徴でないかと考えた。 , 8)以上のことから、臨床的には寡症状性と表現される慢性精神分裂病患者でも、背景に存在する各衝動領域で衝動危険性と不安定さの存在がソンディ・テストを通じ判明した。そして、ソンディ・テストで得られた所見と臨床症状の比較考察を行い、加えてソンディ・テストの臨床的有用性を言及した。 , The author conducted Szondis test on 40 chronic schizophrenics composed of 22 males and 18 females to study the triebpathology of chronic schizophrenics. , In factorial reactions the existence of hatred affect was the most typical in male and female schizophrenics. In males expansion of ego and dependence and in females projection of ego and defection were characteristic. Their sexual drive was in an unsatisfied state and their affective drive was most unstable. As for ego drive, pseudonormal reactions which encompass both normal and schizophrenic reactions were predominant, a finding suggesting weakness of ego which is pointed out in schizophrenia. As for contact drive, reactions implying isolation were common. Mirror changes were common in affect and ego drive. The incidence of variation related to schizophrenia in middle pattern was high and that of affective middle pattern was also high in males. As for drive form, factorial reactions which imply the psychopathology of chronic schizophrenia were observed to compose the symptomatic factors, and among the drive classes the proportion occupied by safety valve class was high. These results were considered to be the pathological characteristics of drive in chronic schizophrenia and were discussed in comparison with the clinical symptoms.

Noblesse Oblige? Preferences for Income Redistribution among Urban Residents in India

Tue, 10 Jan 2012 +0900

Ito, Takahiro , Kubota, Kohei , Ohtake, Fumio ; IDEC DP2 Series Vol.1 no.8 page.1-45 (201112) ; Using an original dataset, we investigated the determinants of individual preferences for income redistribution in India. Different from previous studies, our results show that economic-related conditions do not explain peoples tastes for redistribution so much. While future prospects for economic status have a statistically significant impact on preferences for redistributive policies, the current household income level does not explain individual preferences for redistribution. On the contrary, the impact of the current income level is lessened to a large extent by controlling caste membership. This suggests that the social hierarchy which is based on caste is a crucial determinant of economic status in India. Furthermore, the results show that the relative economic position compared with people in the neighborhood is an important factor; relatively wealthy individuals are more likely to favor greater redistribution. This seemingly “noblesse oblige" effect can be explained mostly by religious belief.

ヒスタミンH_2受容体拮抗剤耐性の胃酸分泌機構

Tue, 10 Jan 2012 +0900

川堀, 勝史 ; 広島大学医学雑誌 Vol.38 no.1 page.259-270 ; 内因性,外因性ガストリン刺激および2-deoxy-D-glucose(2-DG)青多注によるコリン作動性神経刺激で生じる胃酸分泌のうち,ヒスタミンH2受容体拮抗剤(famotidine,cimetidine)で大部分の胃酸分泌が抑制されたが,抑制されない胃酸分泌(ヒスタミンH2受容体拮抗剤耐性胃酸分泌)を認めた。その機序を無麻酔意識下の胃瘻犬,completely denervated fundic pouch犬,および麻酔下の胃瘻犬を用いて検討した。 , (1)Pentagastrinの最大刺激(3.0～4.0μg/kg体重,皮下注)による胃酸分泌(4.19±1.47mEq/h,n=10)は,famotidineのmaximum dose(0.1～0.3mg/kg体重,静注)の前投与によってその大部分が抑制されたが,famotidineで抑制されない胃酸分泌(2.18±1.03mEq/h,n=5)が認められた。このfamotidine耐性胃酸分泌は,pirenzepine(1.0mg/kg体重,静注)によって消失した。 , (2)Pentagastrin刺激による麻酔下胃瘻犬の胃酸分泌(5.33±2.29mEq/h,n=4)は,famotidineの前投与によって0.33±0.07mEq/h(n=3)まで減少した。このfamotidlne耐性胃酸分泌は,tetrodotoxin(TTX,10μg/kg体重,静注,人工呼吸下)によって消失した。 , (3)2-DG刺激(50mg/kg体重,静注)による胃酸分泌(2.16±0.94mEq/h,n=6)は.famotidine(0.3mg/kg体重,静注)によって有意(p<0.001)に抑制されたが,famotidineで抑制されない胃酸分泌(0.49±0.20mEq/h,n=6)が残存した。このfamotidine耐性胃酸分泌は,pirenzepine(1.0mg/kg体重,静注)によって消失した。2-DG刺激による血中ガストリン値上昇反応はfamotidineおよびpirenzepineの影響を受けなかった。 , (4)食餌刺激によって有意な血中ガストリン値の上昇と,denervated pouchからの胃酸分泌が認められた。Cimetidine(3.0mg/kg体重,静注)およびヒスタミン遊離阻害剤であるcepharanthine(2.mg/kg体重,静注)は,食餌刺激による血中ガストリン値上昇反応に対して有意な影響をおよぼさないにもかかわらずdenervated pouchからの胃酸分泌を強力に抑制した。しかし,cimetidineおよびcepharanthineで抑制されない胃酸分泌が残存した。この胃酸分泌はatropine(0.1mg/kg体重,静注)によって消失した。 , 以上の結果は,petagastrin刺激(外因性ガストリン刺激),食餌刺激(内因性ガストリン刺激),および2-DGによるコリン作動性神経刺激によって生じる胃酸分泌の一部にヒスタミンH2受容体のblockで抑制されない胃酸分泌(ヒスタミンH2受容体拮抗剤耐性胃酸分泌)が含まれており,このヒスタミンH2受容体拮抗剤耐性胃酸分泌が,pirenzepine,atropineによるAch-ムスカリン性受容体のblock,TTXによる神経活動のblockによって消失することを示している。 , これらの事実はガストリンによる胃酸分泌機構に,内因性ヒスタミンを介する機構の他に,ガストリンによる胃壁内コリン作動性ニューロンからのAch放出を刺激する機構が関与していることを示すものと考えられる。 , To clarify the mechanism of gastric acid secretion resistant to histamine H2-receptor antagonist, the effect of famotidine, cimetidine and cepharanthine on gatric acid secretion induced by endogenous gastrin (feeding and intravenous injection of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG)) and exogenous gastrin (subcutaneous injection of pentagastrin) were investigated in conscious and anesthetized dogs. , Gastric acid secretion evoked by pentagastrin (4.0 μg/kg B. W., subcutaneous injection) or 2-DG (50 mg/kg B. W., intravenous injection) was strongly inhibited by pretreatment of famotidine (0.3 mg/kg B. W., intravenous injection), cimetidine (3.0 mg/kg B. W., intravenous injection) or cepharanthine (2.0 mg/kg B. W., intravenous injection). Remaining gastric acid secretion which was not stopped by these drugs was abolished by administration of either pirenzepine (1.0 mg/kg B. W., intravenous injection), atropine (0.1 mg/kg B. W., intravenous injection) or tetrodotoxin (TTX) (10 μg/kg B. W., intravenous injection). , However, increased serum gastrin level caused by intravenous injection of 2-DG or by feeding, was not affected by famotidine, cimetidine and cepharanthine. , It is suggested that the gastric acid secretion, which is resistant to the histamine H2-receptor antagonist, is induced by gastrin through acetylcholine (Ach) release from the intramural plexus in the gastric wall.

ヒト筋グリコーゲン合成酵素活性の調節機序に関する検討

Tue, 10 Jan 2012 +0900

大久保, 雅通 ; 広島大学医学雑誌 Vol.37 no.6 page.779-792 ; 1)グルコース-6-リン酸(G6P)のヒト筋グリコーゲン合成酵素(GS)ボスファターゼにおよぼす影響について,正常耐糖能ピマインディアンに大腿筋生検を行って得た筋肉片を用いて検討した。GSホスファターゼ活性は,生理的濃度のG6Pにより活性化され,ATP(5mM)とグリコーゲン(0.1%)により抑制された。 , 2)正常者において,高インスリン血性グルコースクランプの前後でGSおよびGSホスファターゼ活性を測定し,インスリンの両酵素におよぼす影響について検討した(N=4)。GS活性はグルコースクランプ後いずれの症例においても上昇したが,GSホスファターゼ活性はG6Pの存在・非存在下に関わらず有意の変化を認めなかった。 , 3)次にcyclic AMP(cAMP)依存性蛋白キナーゼ活性について,同様にグルコースクランプの前後でGS活性とともに測定を行った(N=5)。インスリン刺激によって全ての症例でGS活性は上昇する一方で,0.2μMのcAMP存在下におけるcAMP依存性蛋白キナーゼ活性は有意に低下していた。なおcAMP非依存性活性には,明らかな変化を認めなかった。 , 4)以上の成績から,インスリン刺激によるGS活性の上昇は,GSボスファターゼ活性の上昇よりも,むしろcAMP依存性蛋白キナーゼ活性の低下により調節されている可能性が示唆された。 , 1) The influence of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) on skeletal muscle glycogen synthase (GS) phosphatase was examined in normal glucose tolerant Southwest American Indians. GS phosphtase activity increased with physiological concentrations of G6P and inhibited by ATP (5 mM) and glycogen (0.1%). , 2) GS phosphatase and GS activity was measured before and after insulin infusion using the euglycemic clamp technique. Although glycogen synthase fractional activity increased in all subjects, this increase was not associated with a change in GS phosphatase activity in the absense or presence of G6P. , 3) Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity was measured before and after insulin infusion along with GS activity. Insulin infusion resulted in a decreased cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity assayed at physiological cAMP concentration with an increased GS activity in all subjects (N=5, p<0.01). No significant change was observed in cAMP-independent activity. , 4) These results suggest that insulin administration during a euglycemic clamp may regulate human muscle GS activity by decreasing the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity rather than stimulating GS phosphatase activity.

児童養護施設におけるグループホームの地域展開とその課題

Tue, 10 Jan 2012 +0900

石垣, 文 ; 医療福祉建築 : Journal of Japan Institute of Healthcare Architecture no.167 page.16-17 (201004) ; Today,over 30 thousand children live in 575 childcare institutions in japan. The recent trend is to build small size group homes as branches to provide individualized care. Successful group homes are commonly rooted in the community. In some cases existing resources such as a group home for the handicapped or key persons in the community were utilized. In another case, multiple group homes were placed within the same school district with the base institution so that staff and children stay in a familiar environment. ; 特集こどもの福祉

十二指腸液中colipaseの分泌動態とその臨床的意義について

Tue, 10 Jan 2012 +0900

古川, 善也 ; 広島大学医学雑誌 Vol.37 no.2 page.325-345 ; 人工基質2,3-dimercaptopropan-1-ol tributyrateを用いた,十二指腸液中colipase測定系を確立した。この測定系を用いてcaerulein-secretin test(C-S test)における十二指腸液中colipaseの分泌動態,膵機能および膵形態とcolipase分泌の関係について検討するとともに,慢性膵炎および膵癌症例におけるcolipase分泌を検討した。さらにバター負荷試験とcolipase分泌量の関係についても検討した。 , ①本測定系は簡便かつ短時間で多数検体の同時測定が可能であり,titrimetric法と良好な相関掲係を認めた。また十二指腸液中の胆汁の影響を受けず,十二指腸液の希釈曲線も良好な直線性を認め,精度も満足できるものであった。 , ②健常者におけるC-S test時colipase分泌1よcaerulein刺激後に最大となり,secretinでは持続刺激にもかかわらず減少し,本試験におけるcolipase分泌刺激は主にcaeruleinの作用であると考えられた。また,C-S test時のcolipase分泌量はほぼ対数正規分布を示した。 , ③膵外分泌機能障害が進行するのに従い,colipase濃度の低下がみられ,特にcaerulein刺激後では低下が著明であった。 , また,正常所見群に比べ高度膵外分泌障害群である確診所見群においては,colipase,lipase,amylase分泌量とも有意の低下を示した。一方,軽度障害群である異常所見群では,colipaseおよびlipase分泌量が有意の低下を示し,異常所見群のcolipase分泌量は正常所見群の65.7%,lipase分泌量は72.8%,amylase分泌量は88.5%であり,軽度膵外分泌機能障害の診断にC-S test時の十二指腸液中colipase測定は有用と考えられた。 , ④内視鏡的逆行性膵管造影所見において膵管形態異常が高度となるのに従い,colipase濃度の低下を認めた。これは特にcaerulein刺激後において著明であった。 , また,高度膵管形態異常群であるMOP or ADP群は,膵管形態正常群であるNormal-ERP群に比し,colipase,lipase,amylase分泌量ともに有意の低下を示した。一方軽度膵管形態異常群であるMIP群ではNormal-ERP群との有意差は認めなかったものの,amylase分泌量がNorna1-ERP群の102.6%と過分泌の傾向を示したのに対し,colipase分泌量では77.1%,lipase分泌量では72.2%と低ド傾向を示し,colipaseによる軽度膵管形態異常群診断の可能性が示唆された。 , ⑤慢性膵炎I群では,colipase,lipase,amylase分泌量とも正常群に比べ有意の低下を認めた。一方慢性膵炎II群では正常群に比べcolipase分泌量は60.6%,lipase分泌量は68.7%,amylase分泌量は100.4%であり,colipase分泌量のみが有意の低下を認め,軽度または早期慢性膵炎の診断に十二指腸液中colipase測定は有用と考えられた。 , ⑥膵癌症例におけるC-S test時十二指腸液中colipase分泌は,健常者に比べlipase,amylaseと同様に低下する傾向を認めた。 , ⑦バター負荷試験異常群では,colipase分泌量は正常群に比べ著明に低下していた。またcolipase分泌量はlipase分泌量と同様,バター負荷試験正常群と異常群でオーバーラップを認めなかった。さらにcolipase分泌量は,lipase分泌量よりバター負荷試験と良好な相関を示し,十二指腸液中colipaseは脂肪の消化の一指標となることが示唆された。 , 以上よりC-S test時十二指腸液中のcolipase測定は,膵疾患,特に早期または軽度慢性膵炎や脂肪の消化障害の診断・病態解明に有用であると考えられた。 , A method was established for measuring colipase concentration in duodenal juice using 2,3-dimercap-topropan-1-ol tributerate, an artificial substrate, and the secretory pattern of colipase in caerulein-secretin test and its clinical significance were studied. The following results were obtained. , (1) This method permitted easy and simultaneous determinations for a large number of samples within a short time. , (2) Colipase secretion in healthy subjects remarkably increased by stimulation with caerulein, but did not manifest any significant reaction to stimulation with secretin. Colipase output showed an almost logarithmic normal distribution. , (3) Colipase concentration decreased with progression of pancreatic exocrine dysfunction or morphological abnormality of the pancreatic duct. The output of colipase, lipase and amylase in the group with mild chronic pancreatitis was found to be 60.6%, 68.7 0x0.00009bfd0e28p-1022nd 100.4 of those in the normal group, respectively. , (4) Collpase secretion in patients with pancreatic cancer showed a tendency to decrease, compared to healthy subjects. , (5) The colipase output in the group with abnormal butter tolerance test decreased markedly when compared with that in the normal group. , The foregoing results suggest that determination of colipase in duodenal juice is useful in the diagnosis and pathogenetic elucidation of pancreatic disease, especially mild chronic pancreatitis, and maldigestion of fat.

統合的電力系統解析支援システムの構築に関する研究

Tue, 10 Jan 2012 +0900

歌谷, 昌弘

広島大学 学術情報リポジトリ HIR 新着情報

共観福音書における「空の墓」物語の編集史的研究

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西日本における釣り餌として流通される水生動物の現状 <原著論文>

歴史的街道を対象とした自然地理学的な講義の提案 : 関東平野の中山道を事例として <原著論文>

Distribution of two subspecies of white-spotted charr, Salvelinus leucomaenis imbrius and S. l. pluvius, in the rivers flowing into the Sea of Japan, and their genetic relationships, based on mitochondrial DNA sequense

Genetic Relationships between Gogi, a Subspecies of Japanese Common Charr, Salvelinus leucomaenis imbrius, Distributed around the Watershed Borders in the Western Chugoku Mountains, Japan, on the Basis of RAPD Analysis

広島県植物誌(1997)以降に広島県廿日市市宮島から報告された種子植物 <資料>

難読児のための手引書

歌人税所敦子の形成

模倣としての「憂国」 : コピーし/されていく物語

Japanese Learners Characteristic Errors of the Chinese Numeral Classifier Sequence yi ge: Learning and/or Unlearning?

音声によるコミュニケーション : 日英語の事例

Pronunciation of low-frequency irregular words in estimating premorbid intelligence

平安時代和文における「ほこる」と「おごる」

日本及び西洋料理におけるだしに関する研究

What Triggers the Difference between Externally and Internally Caused Eventualities? : A Probe into the Conceptual Structure of Sound Emission Verbs

マタイ、ルカ両福音書におけるマルコ14:51-52の共通削除について

English Vowel Spaces Produced by Japanese Speakers : The Smaller Point Vowels and the Greater Schwas

Shrinkage of the Mental Lexicon of Kanji in an Elderly Japanese Woman : The Effect of a 10-Year Passage of Time

東シナ海大陸斜面域で採集されたエビ類

日本産魚類に寄生するヒトガタムシ科カイアシ類の目録(1898-2011年)

日本産魚類に寄生するチョウ属エラオ類の目録(1900-2009年)

バランスト・スコアカードの役割と可能性 : 社会におけるコミュニケーション円滑化への貢献

Impacts of urbanization on national residential energy use and CO2 emissions : Evidence from low-, middle- and high-income countries

Origin of Rose of Sharon : An Analysis of Various Translat ions Having a Bearing on The Authorized Version Text

デジタルサイネージにおける画面デザインの研究

サリンジャーなんかこわくない : クラフツマン・サリンジャーの挑戦 : テキストの重層化とポストモダン的試み

D-サイクロセリン生産菌の自己耐性機構 : その生化学的および構造生物学的研究

静脈・経腸栄養療法における栄養処方支援システムの構築と臨床応用に関する研究

ザンビア共和国における本質的学習環境の実践に基づく数学の授業開発研究

ガザミ幼生の真菌症の防除に関する研究

運転者の通常時ならびに緊急時の行動特性に関する研究

スキージャンプ踏み切り局面が初期飛行局面に及ぼす影響 : バイオメカニクス的観点から

大学生用援助要請意図尺度の作成の試み

Spatial Spillover of Governance and Institutional Quality : A Spatial Econometric Approach

Phytosociological Studies on the Beech Forest of Mt. Hakusan, Japan, with Particular Reference to the Relation between Vegetation Units and Soil Types

Pattern and determinants of public budget allocation to border regions in Iran

High thermoelectric performance of Cu substituted type-VIII clathrate Ba8Ga16-xCuxSn30 single crystals

Scaling study of the gluon propagator in Coulomb gauge QCD on isotropic and anisotropic lattices

Electronic structure of YbGa1.15Si0.85 and YbGaxGe2-x probed by resonant x-ray emission and photoelectron spectroscopies

Optical Conductivity Spectral Anomalies in the Off-Center Rattling System β-Ba8Ga16Sn30

Nonet meson properties in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with dimensional versus cutoff regularization

Electronic structure of a narrow-gap semiconductor FeGa3 investigated by photoemission and inverse photoemission spectroscopies

Neutron one-quasiparticle states in 251Fm151 populated via the α decay of 255No

Tracking the Effects of Interactions on Spinons in Gapless Heisenberg Chains

メタ認知を育成する理科学習指導に関する実践的研究 : 高等学校化学領域の観察・実験活動に着目して

一般病棟の看護師を対象とした終末期がん患者と家族を支援する看取りケア実践教育プログラムの開発と有効性の検証

miR-22 represses cancer progression by inducing cellular senescence

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor arising from the greater omentum: Case report

Uncertainty limits for quantum metrology obtained from the statistics of weak measurements

Detection of organophosphorus compound based on a sol-gel silica planar waveguide doped with a green fluorescent protein and an organophosphorus hydrolase

Characteristics of High-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic Acid as a Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Scaffold in Periodontal Tissue Regeneration

KL-6 concentration in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid is a useful prognostic indicator in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

広島大学学術情報リポジトリ HIR 新着情報

名所旧跡・街頭風景の今昔ニッポン時空写真館 1930-2010 <書評>

5109 要養護児童のためのグループホームにおける地域計画に関する研究その3 : 職員と地域との関わり(児童養護施設,建築計画I)

5085 要養護児童のためのグループホームにおける地域計画に関する研究その2(児童養護施設,建築計画I)

5084 要養護児童のためのグループホームにおける地域計画に関する研究その1(児童養護施設,建築計画I)