Chapter 1: Introduction
　1.1 Background of the Study / p1
　1.2 Role of Global Value Chain in Industrial Development / p2
　1.3 Dynamics of Global Apparel Value Chain (GAVC) / p3
　1.4 Resource and Capabilities of Apparel firms / p9
　1.5 Resource and Capabilities of Apparel firms and Their influence on Governance of Value Chain / p11
　1.6 Competitive Advantage and Firm Performance Gained by Industrial Up-gradation Through Value Chain / p12
　1.7 Objectives of the Study / p14
　1.8 Significance of the Study / p15
　1.9 Scope of the Study / p16
　1.10 Organization of Study / p16
Chapter 2: Overview of the Industry
　2.1 Introduction / p20
　2.2 Development of the Apparel Industry / p21
　2.3 The Factors Contributed to Rapid Growth / p22
　2.4 The Growth Trajectory of Bangladesh Apparel Export / p23
　2.5 Employment / p26
　2.6 Types of Firms / p26
　2.7 Types of Value Adding Activities by the Firms in the Apparel Value Chain / p27
　2.8 Challenges Encountered during MFA Phase Out / p28
　2.9 The Challenges to be Encountered under the Framework of GAVC / p30
　2.10 The Need for Restructuring / p31
　2.11 Change in the Use of Modern Machinery / p32
　2.12 Product Concentration/ Diversification / p37
　2.13 Market Diversification / p40
　2.14 Social Compliance Factors / p42
Chapter 3: Literature Review
　3.1 Introduction / p43
　3.2 Industrial Up-gradation through Value Chain / p44
　3.3 Antecedents and Outcomes of Industrial Up-gradation through Value Chain / p48
　3.4 Definition of Antecedent Factors / p49
　　3.4.1 Manufacturing System / p49
　　3.4.2 Evolution of Manufacturing System / p50
　　3.4.3 Lean Manufacturing System / p52
　　3.4.4 Agile Manufacturing System / p53
　　3.4.5 Leagile Manufacturing Systems / p54
　　3.4.6 Human Resource Management Practices for Leagile Manufacturing Systems / p56
　　　3.4.6.1 Organizational Logic for Lean and Agile Manufacturing System / p58
　　　3.4.6.2 Increased Importance of HRM practices while Transforming from Mass to Leagile Manufacturing Systems / p59
　　3.4.7 SCFs / p60
　　3.4.8 IT / p61
　　3.4.9 Flexible Manufacturing System / p64
　3.5 Theoretical Background in the relation between Industrial Up-Gradation and Antecedents of it / p64
　　3.5.1 RBV / p64
　　3.5.2 Organizational Economics / p68
　　3.5.3 Transaction Cost Economics / p68
　　3.5.4 Evolutionary Economics / p72
　　3.5.5 ntegrated Theoretical Framework for Connecting Resources and Capabilities and IUVC on the basis of RBV and OE / p75
　3.6 Definition of Outcome Factors of Industrial Up-gradation through Value Chain / p75
　　3.6.1 Competitive Advantages / p75
　　　3.6.1.1 Porter's Generic Competitive Strategy and Competitive Advantages / p75
　　　3.6.1.2 Capability-based View and Competitive Advantages / p77
　　3.6.2 FP / p81
　3.7 Influence of Industrial Up-gradation through Value Chain on Competitive Advantages / p82
　　3.7.1 Porter's Generic Competitive Strategy and The Relation Between Vertical Integration and Competitive Advantage / p82
　　　3.7.1.1 Value Chain Analysis in Porter's Generic Competitive Strategy / p82
　　　3.7.1.2 Economies of Scope in Porter's Generic Competitive Strategy / p83
　　　3.7.1.3 Transaction Cost Economics and Porter's Generic Competitive Strategy / p83
　　3.7.2 The Concept of Resource-based View and the Relation between Vertical Integration and Competitive Advantages / p84
　　　3.7.2.1 Diversification, Asset Specificity and Vertical Integration in Resource-based View / p85
　　　3.7.2.2 Transaction Cost Economics and Vertical Integration in Resource Based View / p85
　　3.7.3 Capability-based View and The Relation Between Vertical Integration and Competitive Advantages / p85
　　　3.7.3.1 Evolutionary Process and Vertical Integration in Capability-based View / p85
　　　3.7.3.2 Supply Chain Management and VI in CBV / p86
　3.8 The relation between Competitive Advantages and Firm Performance / p89
　　3.8.1 Integrated Theoretical Framework for Deriving Competitive Advantages in Supply Chain Management / p90
Chapter 4: Distributions of the Sample Firms
　4.1 Introduction / p93
　4.2 Industrial Up-gradation through Value Chain in Bangladesh Apparel Sector / p94
　4.3 Methodology / p95
　4.4 Successful Implementation of Different Up-gradation Stages / p97
　4.5 Up-gradation Pattern / p98
　4.6 Value Adding Matrix of Up-gradation Activities / p99
　4.7 Firms' up-gradation Related Activities in Different Parameter / p100
　4.8 Factor Loading and Composite Mean of the Antecedent and Outcome Factors’ Indicators of Differently Up-graded Firms / p101
　4.9 Conclusion / p106
Chapter 5: Impact of Social Compliance Factors on Human Resource Management Practices for Implementing Leagile Manufacturing system in the Apparel industry of Bangladesh
　5.1 Introduction / p107
　5.2 Literature Review / p107
　　5.2.1 Leagile Manufacturing Systems in Bangladesh Apparel Sector / p107
　　5.2.2 Human Resource Management Practices for Leagile Manufacturing Systems / p108
　　5.2.3 Social Compliance Factors / p108
　　5.2.4 Objectives of Social Compliance Factors / p108
　　5.2.5 Problems about Social Compliance according to Dul and Neumann (2009) / p108
　　5.2.6 The Social Compliance Issues Promoted by the Government of Bangladesh / p111
　　5.2.7 The Common Social Compliances Chosen From Heterogeneous Requirement of Buyers / p113
　　5.2.8 The Similarity between Human Factors in Leagile Manufacturing Systems and Compliance Issues in Apparel Sector / p116
　　5.2.9 Impact of Social Compliance Factors on HRM Practices for Leagile Manufacturing Systems / p116
　　　5.2.9.1 Impact of Ergonomics on HRM practices for Leagile Manufacturing Systems / p116
　　　5.2.9.2 Impact of Worker Related Compliance to HRM Practices for Leagile Systems / p117
　　　5.2.9.3 Impact of Health and Safety Arrangement to HRM practices for Leagile Manufacturing Systems / p117
　　　5.2.9.4 Impact of Social Dialogue and Employment Relationships on HRM Practices for LAMS / p118
　　　5.2.9.5 Control Variables: Impact of Organizational Context on HRM Practices / p118
　5.3 Conceptual Framework / p118
　5.4 Hypotheses / p120
　5.5 Research Methodology / p121
　　5.5.1 Collection of Data about the Variables / p122
　　5.5.2 Respondent profile / p122
　5.6 Data Analysis and Results / p122
　　5.6.1 Linear Regression / p122
　　5.6.2 Results / p125
　　5.6.3 Relations in the Regression / p126
　5.7 Discussion / p127
　5.8 Conclusion / p129
Chapter 6: Impact of Antecedents on Industrial Up-gradation through Value Chain of the Firms Pursuing Leagile Manufacturing Systems
　6.1 Introduction / p132
　　6.1.1 The competition in the GAVC / p132
　　6.1.2 Industrial Up-gradation through Value Chain as the strategy in Global Apparel Value Chain / p132
　　6.1.3 The Strategy Option for Bangladesh: / p133
　6.2 Literature Review / p133
　　6.2.1 Leagile Manufacturing Systems in Bangladesh Apparel Sector / p133
　　6.2.2 Descriptions of the Indicators of Leagile Manufacturing Systems / p134
　　6.2.3 Two Important Requirements of Leagile Manufacturing Systems / p138
　　6.2.4 HRM Practices for Leagile Manufacturing Systems / p138
　　6.2.5 Descriptions of the Variables of HRM Practices for Leagile Manufacturing Systems / p138
　　6.2.6 Information Technology for Leagile Manufacturing Systems / p141
　　6.2.7 Descriptions of the Indicators / p142
　　6.2.8 Industrial Up-gradation through Value Chain / p144
　　6.2.9 The Indicators of Industrial Up-gradation through Value Chain / p144
　　6.2.10 Relationship among the Factors / p118
　　　6.2.10.1 Impact of Human Resource Practices to Leagile Manufacturing Systems / p148
　　　6.2.10.2 Impact of Information Technology on Leagile Manufacturing Systems / p149
　　　6.2.10.3 Impact of LAMS on IU / p152
　6.3 Conceptual Framework / p152
　6.4 Hypotheses / p152
　6.5 Research Methodology / p153
　　6.5.1 Structure of the Questionnaire / p153
　　6.5.2 Respondent Profile / p153
　6.6 Data Analysis and Results / p153
　　6.6.1 Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) / p153
　　6.6.2 Confirmatory Factor Analysis / p157
　　6.6.3 Structural Equation Modeling Estimation / p158
　　6.6.4 Results / p159
　6.7 Impact of Individual Indicators of Leagile Manufacturing Systems on the Individual Indicators of Industrial Up-gradation / p159
　6.8 Analysis of the Results / p161
　6.9 Conclusion / p164
Chapter 7: Impact of Vertical Integration on its Outcomes in the Firms Pursuing Leagile Manufacturing Systems
　7.1 Introduction / p165
　7.2 Vertical Integration as Industrial Up-gradation through Value Chain Strategy in GAVC / p166
　7.3 Literature Review / p167
　　7.3.1 Vertical Integration as a Competitive Scope / p167
　　7.3.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Vertical Integration / p168
　　7.3.3 Descriptions of Outcome Factors / p169
　　　7.3.3.1 Competitive Advantages / p169
　　　　7.3.3.1.1 The Variables for Competitive Advantages for Apparel Manufacturing Firms / p169
　　　　7.3.3.1.2 Firm Performance / p174
　7.4 Conceptual Framework / p175
　7.5 Hypotheses / p175
　7.6 Research Methodology / p175
　　7.6.1 Structure of the Questionnaire / p176
　　7.6.2 Respondent profile / p176
　7.7 Data Analysis and Results / p176
　　7.7.1 Exploratory Factor Analysis / p176
　　7.7.2 Confirmatory Factor Analysis / p178
　　7.7.3 Structural Equation Modeling Estimation / p179
　　7.7.4 Results / p180
　　7.7.5 Impact of Individual Indicators of Vertical Integration on the Individual Indicators of Competitive Advantages / p180
　7.8 Discussion / p182
　7.9 Conclusion / p184
Chapter 8: Conclusion
　8.1 Summary of Main Findings / p186
　8.2 Implications / p189
　　8.2.1 Implications for Academicians / p189
　　8.2.2 Implications for Practitioners / p190
　　8.2.3 Implications for Policy Makers / p191
　8.3 Limitations of the Study / p192
　8.4 Recommendation for Further Research / p193