インドにおける都市化・工業化と農民の対応 : デリー大都市圏農村の事例

Urban and Industrial Impacts on Rural India : A Case Study of Suburban Village in Delhi Metropolitan Area

南埜 猛

地誌研年報

Annual Report of Research Center for Regional Geography

The urbanization and industrialization in India has progressed rapidly since the opening policy of the economy started. The industrialization has made great impacts on rural Indian villages, particularly on their social structure and stratification. The purpose of this study is to reveal the influences of the urbanization and industrialization on rural villages in India. It focuses on the economic aspect as well as the demographic, politic, administrative and social aspects of the change, based on the result of census survey and intensive survey carried out in 1997. The caste system is taken as a criterion to analyze this effect. R. village in the Gotama Buddha Nagar District, Utter Pradesh, is chosen as a sample village. This village is multi-caste society, consisting with wide range of caste classes from general castes to the Schedule Castes. During the 1950's and 60's, R village was still underdeveloped in spite of the condition that it was closed to Delhi, the capital of India. The Yamuna River, flowing between this village and Delhi, often flooded by the monsoon rain, and it gave serious damages to the village. The Green Revolution encouraged by the government was being spread around this area at the end of the 60's, but the village was unable to receive its effect because of the frequent floods. However, in the 70's, there was a turning point in that situation. Firstly, an embankment was constructed along the Yamuna River. This made possible for the village to accept the Green Revolution; soon, well irrigation was made and High Yield Varieties were planted. Secondly, the construction of NOIDA (New Okhla Industrial Development Authority), one of the biggest industrial estates in Utter Pradesh, began in 1977. This brought job opportunities to the lower caste villagers who had had no option except doing agricultural laborwork or craftman-work under the jajmani system. In the 80's, the opportunities of getting jobs in NOIDA increased. One of the government policies against the social inequality called the Rese

インド農村

都市化

工業化

カースト

デリー大都市圏

rural India

urbanization

industrialization

caste

Delhi Metropolitan Area

地理・地誌・紀行 [ 290 ]

日本語

広島大学総合地誌研究資料センター

[ISSN] 0915-5449

[NCID] AN10199141